Molecular mechanisms of synaptic specificity.

Molecular mechanisms of synaptic specificity.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.mcn.2009.11.009
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发表时间:
2010-03
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Shen, Kang
Shen, Kang
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Margeta, Milica A.;Shen, Kang
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突触是一种特殊的连接,它在神经元和它们的靶子之间传递信息流。神经系统的一个显著特征是其突触连接的特殊性:单个神经元只与突触前和突触后的一小部分可用伙伴形成突触。突触的特异性被经典地认为是由于作用于突触间隙的黏附分子之间的亲同性或异亲性相互作用而产生的。在过去的十年里,许多引起突触特异性的新机制被发现。突触可以由促进或抑制突触发生的分泌分子来指定,它们的来源可以是邻近的路标细胞,而不仅仅是突触前和突触后神经元。此外,血统、命运和发育的时机也可以在塑造神经回路方面发挥关键作用。未来利用大规模筛查的工作将致力于阐明能够引起突触特异性的细胞机制和分子玩家的全部范围。
Synapses are specialized junctions that mediate information flow between neurons and their targets. A striking feature of the nervous system is the specificity of its synaptic connections: an individual neuron will form synapses only with a small subset of available presynaptic and postsynaptic partners. Synaptic specificity has been classically thought to arise from homophilic or heterophilic interactions between adhesive molecules acting across the synaptic cleft. Over the past decade, many new mechanisms giving rise to synaptic specificity have been identified. Synapses can be specified by secreted molecules that promote or inhibit synaptogenesis, and their source can be a neighboring guidepost cell, not just presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. Furthermore, lineage, fate, and timing of development can also play critical roles in shaping neural circuits. Future work utilizing large-scale screens will aim to elucidate the full scope of cellular mechanisms and molecular players that can give rise to synaptic specificity.
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