Understanding the dynamic response of Durafet-based sensors: A case study from the Murderkill Estuary-Delaware Bay system (Delaware, USA)
Understanding the dynamic response of Durafet-based sensors: A case study from the Murderkill Estuary-Delaware Bay system (Delaware, USA)
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了解基于 Durafet 的传感器的动态响应：Murderkill Estuary-Delaware Bay 系统（美国特拉华州）的案例研究
DOI：
10.1016/j.ecss.2023.108247
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cai, Wei-Jun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gonski, S. Fisher;Ullman, William J.;Pettay, D. Tye;Booksh, Karl S.;Martz, Todd R.;Luther, George W.;Cai, Wei-Jun
近年来，Durafet传感器的使用越来越多，但它们在河口沃茨（盐度< 20）中的性能需要进一步审查，因为在那里经常观察到温度和盐度的快速变化。在这里，霍尼韦尔Durafet及其内部（p H INT）和外部的响应在Murderkill河口和特拉华州湾的汇合处，集成到SeapHOx传感器中的（p H E X T）参比电极（特拉华州，美国）在广泛的温度范围内进行了评估（1.34-32.27° C），盐度（1.17-29.82），以及温度（dT/dt;− 1.46至+ 1.53° C（0.5 h）− 1）和盐度（dSalt/dt;− 3.55至+ 11.09（0.5 h）− 1）的变化率。经验分析表明，在温度和盐度响应的内部和外部参考电极，分别由潮汐混合的动态误差被引入到我们的pH值时间序列。这些动态误差导致pH INT和pH E X T之间出现较大的异常（记为Δ pH INT− E X T），在冬季最低温度和最大潮汐盐度变化发生时pH值达到>±0.8，在夏季最高温度和最小潮汐盐度变化发生时pH值达到>±0.15。Δ p H INT− E X T异常与dSalt/dt呈明显的线性关系，从而使dSalt/dt成为我们应用中参比电极响应的最强限制因素。一个动态的传感器响应校正的外部参考电极（固态三氯化物离子选择性电极，Cl-ISE）也被开发和应用在电压域。这一修正使冬季和夏季Δ p H INT− E X T距平范围分别减少了40%和68.7%。所有测量值的夏季异常值均显著降低至<±0.04 pH值。此外，这种校正还消除了这些异常的一阶盐度依赖性。因此，参比电极响应的动态误差不能忽略，必须在未来的实验设计中加以考虑。进一步的工作，以更好地了解两个参考电极的动态温度和盐度响应正在进行中。最终，我们希望这项工作将激发围绕大Δ p H INT− E X T异常的作用和处理的进一步讨论，作为未来数据质量控制和数据报告的一部分，以及参考电极响应中的动态误差，在传感器最佳实践的背景下驱动它们。
The use of Durafet-based sensors has proliferated in recent years, but their performance in estuarine waters (salinity< 20) where rapid changes in temperature and salinity are frequently observed requires further scrutiny. Here, the responses of the Honeywell Durafet and its internal (p H INT) and external (p H E X T) reference electrodes integrated into a SeapHOx sensor at the confluence of the Murderkill Estuary and Delaware Bay (Delaware, USA) were assessed over extensive ranges of temperature (1.34–32.27° C), salinity (1.17–29.82), and rates of temperature (dT/dt;− 1.46 to+ 1.53° C (0.5 h)− 1) and salinity (dSalt/dt;− 3.55 to+ 11.09 (0.5 h)− 1) change. Empirical analyses indicated dynamic errors in the temperature and salinity responses of the internal and external reference electrodes, respectively, driven by tidal mixing were introduced into our pH time-series. These dynamic errors drove large anomalies between p H INT and p H E X T (denoted Δ p H INT− E X T) that reached>±0.8 pH in winter when the lowest temperatures and maximum tidal salinity variability occurred and>±0.15 pH in summer when the highest temperatures and minimum tidal salinity variability occurred. The Δ p H INT− E X T anomalies demonstrated a clear linear relationship with dSalt/dt thereby making dSalt/dt the strongest limiting factor of reference electrode response in our application. A dynamic sensor response correction for the external reference electrode (solid-state chloiride ion-selective electrode, Cl-ISE) was also developed and applied in the voltage domain. This correction reduced winter and summer Δ p H INT− E X T anomaly ranges by> 40% and 68.7%, respectively. Summer anomalies were notably reduced to<±0.04 pH across all measurements. Further, this correction also removed the first-order salinity dependence of these anomalies. Consequently, dynamic errors in reference electrode response cannot be ignored and must be considered in future experimental designs. Further work to better understand the dynamic temperature and salinity responses of both reference electrodes is underway. Ultimately, we hope this work will stimulate further discussion around the role and treatment of large Δ p H INT− E X T anomalies as a part of future data quality control and data reporting as well as the dynamic errors in reference electrode response that drive them in the context of Sensor Best Practices.
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影响因子：
2.8
作者：
D. T. Pettay;S. Gonski;W. Cai;C. Sommerfield;W. Ullman
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
1985
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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用于确定表层海水 CO 2 分压的自主 pH 测量评估
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
影响因子：
--
作者：
Y. Takeshita;Kenneth S. Johnson;T. Martz;J. Plant;J. Sarmiento
通讯作者：
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