Adipose tissue as an immunological organ.
Adipose tissue as an immunological organ.
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DOI：
10.1002/oby.21003
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发表时间：
2015-03
期刊：
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Dixit, Vishwa Deep
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grant, Ryan W.;Dixit, Vishwa Deep
这篇综述将集中在脂肪组织的免疫学方面及其在慢性炎症发展中的潜在作用，慢性炎症会引发肥胖相关的合并症。本综述利用PubMed检索当前文献来检查脂肪组织白细胞增多症。肥胖受试者的脂肪组织会发炎，导致胰岛素抵抗、2型糖尿病和代谢综合征的发生。脂肪组织中已经发现了包括B细胞、T细胞、巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞在内的多种免疫细胞，肥胖影响免疫细胞亚型的数量和性质，这些免疫细胞亚型是一种主动的免疫器官，能够通过旁分泌和内分泌机制改变全身代谢。肥胖过程中，脂肪组织是一个巨大的免疫活跃器官，表现出先天免疫反应和适应性免疫反应的特征。尽管脂肪组织中存在造血谱系细胞，但目前尚不清楚脂肪隔室是否在免疫监视或宿主防御中具有直接作用。了解白细胞和脂肪细胞之间的相互作用可能揭示控制脂肪组织炎症的临床相关途径，并可能揭示肥胖导致代谢和某些感染性疾病易感性增加的机制。
This review will focus on the immunological aspects of adipose tissue and its potential role in development of chronic inflammation that instigates obesity-associated co-morbidities. The review utilized PubMed searches of current literature to examine adipose tissue leukocytosis. The adipose tissue of obese subjects becomes inflamed and contributes to the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Numerous immune cells including B cells, T cells, macrophages and neutrophils have been identified in adipose tissue, and obesity influences both the quantity and the nature of immune cell subtypes which emerges as an active immunological organ capable of modifying whole body metabolism through paracrine and endocrine mechanisms. Adipose tissue is a large immunologically active organ during obesity that displays hallmarks of both and innate and adaptive immune response. Despite the presence of hematopoietic lineage cells in adipose tissue, it is presently unclear whether the adipose compartment has a direct role in immune-surveillance or host defense. Understanding the interactions between leukocytes and adipocytes may reveal the clinically relevant pathways that control adipose tissue inflammation and is likely to reveal mechanism by which obesity contributes to increased susceptibility to both metabolic and certain infectious disease.
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