From the ultrasonic to the infrared: molecular evolution and the sensory biology of bats.
From the ultrasonic to the infrared: molecular evolution and the sensory biology of bats.
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从超声波到红外线：分子进化和蝙蝠的感觉生物学。
DOI：
10.3389/fphys.2013.00117
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Rossiter SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jones G;Teeling EC;Rossiter SJ
最近在了解蝙蝠感官生物学的遗传基础方面取得了很大的进展。研究集中在候选感觉基因的分子进化上，这些基因具有已知的功能[例如，嗅觉受体（OR）基因]和从与感觉缺陷相关的突变中鉴定的基因（例如，失明和耳聋）。例如，支持声音行为和感觉运动协调的FoxP2基因在蝙蝠中经历了多样化，而与听觉相关的几个基因在回声定位蝙蝠的不相关谱系中显示出平行的氨基酸取代，在某些情况下，在回声定位海豚中，代表了趋同分子进化的经典案例。编码视紫红质和长波敏感视蛋白的视觉基因在蝙蝠中是有功能的，而编码短波敏感视蛋白的基因在使用高占空比喉部回声定位的蝙蝠中失去了功能，这表明在视觉和回声定位的投资之间存在感官权衡。在嗅觉方面，蝙蝠似乎有一个独特的或剧目相比，其他哺乳动物，和基因参与信号转导犁鼻系统已成为非功能性的大多数蝙蝠物种。苦味受体似乎经历了一个“出生和死亡”的进化，涉及广泛的基因复制和丢失，不像编码甜味和鲜味的基因在大多数谱系中显示出保守性，但在吸血蝙蝠中丢失。普通的吸血蝙蝠也经历了对温度感知的适应，通过选择性剪接导致了一种新的热敏通道的进化。未来了解感觉生物学的分子基础是有希望的，具有巨大的潜力，比较基因组分析，基因调控和表达的研究，探索选择性剪接在蛋白质组多样性的产生中的作用，并将遗传机制与行为后果联系起来。
Great advances have been made recently in understanding the genetic basis of the sensory biology of bats. Research has focused on the molecular evolution of candidate sensory genes, genes with known functions [e.g., olfactory receptor (OR) genes] and genes identified from mutations associated with sensory deficits (e.g., blindness and deafness). For example, the FoxP2 gene, underpinning vocal behavior and sensorimotor coordination, has undergone diversification in bats, while several genes associated with audition show parallel amino acid substitutions in unrelated lineages of echolocating bats and, in some cases, in echolocating dolphins, representing a classic case of convergent molecular evolution. Vision genes encoding the photopigments rhodopsin and the long-wave sensitive opsin are functional in bats, while that encoding the short-wave sensitive opsin has lost functionality in rhinolophoid bats using high-duty cycle laryngeal echolocation, suggesting a sensory trade-off between investment in vision and echolocation. In terms of olfaction, bats appear to have a distinctive OR repertoire compared with other mammals, and a gene involved in signal transduction in the vomeronasal system has become non-functional in most bat species. Bitter taste receptors appear to have undergone a “birth-and death” evolution involving extensive gene duplication and loss, unlike genes coding for sweet and umami tastes that show conservation across most lineages but loss in vampire bats. Common vampire bats have also undergone adaptations for thermoperception, via alternative splicing resulting in the evolution of a novel heat-sensitive channel. The future for understanding the molecular basis of sensory biology is promising, with great potential for comparative genomic analyses, studies on gene regulation and expression, exploration of the role of alternative splicing in the generation of proteomic diversity, and linking genetic mechanisms to behavioral consequences.
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Dong D;Jones G;Zhang S
通讯作者：
Zhang S
DOI：
10.1126/science.1212795
发表时间：
2012-02-17
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Garrett S;Rosenthal JJ
通讯作者：
Rosenthal JJ
影响因子：
7
作者：
Hayden, Sara;Bekaert, Michael;Teeling, Emma C.
通讯作者：
Teeling, Emma C.
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Gracheva, Elena O.;Cordero-Morales, Julio F.;Gonzalez-Carcacia, Jose A.;Ingolia, Nicholas T.;Manno, Carlo;Aranguren, Carla I.;Weissman, Jonathan S.;Julius, David
通讯作者：
Julius, David
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Davies, Kalina T. J.;Bates, Paul J. J.;Rossiter, Stephen J.
通讯作者：
Rossiter, Stephen J.