Dynamic evolution of bitter taste receptor genes in vertebrates.
Dynamic evolution of bitter taste receptor genes in vertebrates.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2148-9-12
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发表时间：
2009-01-15
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Zhang S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dong D;Jones G;Zhang S
对许多动物来说，感知苦味是至关重要的，因为它可以防止它们摄入有害的食物。这一过程主要由苦味受体（T2R）介导，其主要在味蕾中表达。以前的研究已经确定了一些T2R基因库，并已注意到物种之间的库大小的显着变化。然而，脊椎动物T2R基因的进化机制仍然知之甚少。为了更好地了解这些基因的进化模式，我们确定了16个T2R基因库的基础上的高覆盖率的脊椎动物基因组序列，并研究了T2R基因的数量在出生和死亡的进化过程中的进化变化，使用调和树的方法。我们发现，T2R基因的数量和假基因的比例在物种间差异很大。系统发育分析结果表明，硬骨鱼类的T2R基因家族比四足动物的T2R基因家族更具有多样性。除了在硬骨鱼、蛙和哺乳动物中的独立基因扩增外，在蜥蜴中也检测到谱系特异性基因重复。此外，广泛的增益和损失的T2R基因检测在每个谱系在其进化过程中，导致广泛不同的T2R基因库。这些结果进一步支持了T2R基因库与不同物种的饮食习惯密切相关以及出生和死亡进化与适应饮食变化有关的假设。
Sensing bitter tastes is crucial for many animals because it can prevent them from ingesting harmful foods. This process is mainly mediated by the bitter taste receptors (T2R), which are largely expressed in the taste buds. Previous studies have identified some T2R gene repertoires, and marked variation in repertoire size has been noted among species. However, the mechanisms underlying the evolution of vertebrate T2R genes remain poorly understood. To better understand the evolutionary pattern of these genes, we identified 16 T2R gene repertoires based on the high coverage genome sequences of vertebrates and studied the evolutionary changes in the number of T2R genes during birth-and-death evolution using the reconciled-tree method. We found that the number of T2R genes and the fraction of pseudogenes vary extensively among species. Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, we showed that T2R gene families in teleost fishes are more diverse than those in tetrapods. In addition to the independent gene expansions in teleost fishes, frogs and mammals, lineage-specific gene duplications were also detected in lizards. Furthermore, extensive gains and losses of T2R genes were detected in each lineage during their evolution, resulting in widely differing T2R gene repertoires. These results further support the hypotheses that T2R gene repertoires are closely related to the dietary habits of different species and that birth-and-death evolution is associated with adaptations to dietary changes.
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影响因子：
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