The Use of Backcasting to Promote Urban Transformation to Sustainability: The Case of Toyama City, Japan

The Use of Backcasting to Promote Urban Transformation to Sustainability: The Case of Toyama City, Japan
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利用反向预测促进城市可持续转型:以日本富山市为例

DOI:
10.1007/978-981-15-1133-2_4
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Managing Socio-ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes for Sustainable Communities in Asia
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Masuda Takuma
Masuda Takuma
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Aoki Kazumasu;Kishita Yusuke;Nakamura Hidenori;Masuda Takuma

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设想城市可持续性要求包容不同利益攸关方的不同价值观。实现城市未来愿景的政策的实施需要广大公众的支持。因此,人们注意到了采用参与性办法来回溯决策过程的优点。虽然应该更鼓励试验这种方法,但外行公民是否能够以所需的合理性和合理性产生他们的情景还有待观察。本章通过两个可能形成鲜明对比的观点来解决这一重要但尚未探索的问题。一个是在公民以不受约束的方式表达其多元利益和偏好的过程中发现的“分歧”。另一种是“趋同”,即这种多样化的多元性受到限制,并在结果中产生某种形式的趋同背景。这两者之间可能会出现一种权衡关系,本章寻求是否能够维持任何平衡。为了探讨这一问题,在日本富山市举办了一个参与式研讨会,少数市民分成两个不同的小组,通过回顾城市的可持续发展特征,设想他们理想的未来。在分析中,两组的情景的结果进行了比较,也是基于一致性的文本结构内生的情景通过计算模拟技术定量测量指数。调查结果表明,虽然广泛的社会生态-
Envisioning urban sustainability demands to embrace divergent values of various stakeholders. Implementation of policies realizing city’s future visions needs support from a wide range of general public. Hence, merits of participatory approach to backcasting scenario-making have been noted. Although experimenting such approach should be more encouraged, it remains to be seen whether lay citizens can generate their scenarios with required level of rationale and soundness. This chapter addresses this important, but yet unexplored concern by taking two potentially contrasting perspectives. One is “divergence” found in processes where citizens express their pluralistic interests and preferences in an unconstrained manner. The other is “convergence” found in where such a diversified plurality is circumscribed and composed to engender in outcomes some form of converged context. A trade-off relationship may arise between these two and the chapter seeks if any balance can be upheld. To explore such question, a participatory workshop was held in Toyama city, Japan where a handful numbers of citizens envisioned in two separate groups their desirable future via backcasting city’s sustainable features. In analyses, outcomes of both groups’ scenarios were compared and also index of consistency-based text structures endogenous to the scenarios was quantitatively gauged by computational simulation technique. Findings suggest that while a broad spectrum of socioeco-
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