Mean volume flow estimation in pulsatile flow conditions.
Mean volume flow estimation in pulsatile flow conditions.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.04.025
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发表时间：
2009-11
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Fowlkes JB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Richards MS;Kripfgans OD;Rubin JM;Hall AL;Fowlkes JB
为了验证先前报道的用于测量时间平均体积血流的三维 (3D) 超声方法，在脉动流条件下进行了实验，包括体内研究，并将结果与公认的侵入性“金标准”技术进行比较。结果表明，体积平均可产生正确的时间平均体积流量，无需心脏门控。与目前使用的其他方法不同，该方法独立于多普勒角、血流剖面和血管几何形状。使用 GE Logiq 9 超声系统（GE Medical Systems，密尔沃基，威斯康星州，美国）和四维 (4D) 10L 和 4D 16L 探头获取四只犬齿股动脉和颈动脉的 3D 多普勒测量结果。使用两种有创血流量计（一只犬使用电磁血流量计，三只犬使用超声波血流量计）作为金标准技术。进行经皮彩色流量测量以获得包围血管的 3D 体积数据集。使用恒定深度平面来集成包围整个血管横截面的彩色流像素。能量多普勒数据用于校正部分体积效应。诱导人工狭窄以改变环境体积流量。测量到的不受限制的双向流量高达 400 mL min−1。施加了一些流量限制，将测量的体积流量降低至 30 mL min−1。所有流量估计值 (n = 38) 均根据通过黄金标准获得的结果绘制。一般的直线拟合结果为 y = 0.926 × − 0.87 (r2 = 0.95)，这对应于相对于 142 mL min−1 的平均流速的 0.6% 流量偏移，以及我们估计的线性度的 7.4% 误差。进行二次曲线拟合，要求斜率为 1，截距为 0，得到的 r2 值为 0.93。计算误差百分比分布并将其拟合到高斯函数，得到 μ = -7.04% 和 σ = 9.52%。进行理论研究是为了估计体积流量测量中的预期误差，该误差是用于平均脉动波形的样本数量 (N) 的函数。实验表明与理论具有相同的依赖性。使用体积彩色多普勒和独立标准对体积流量估计的直接比较表明，我们的方法在体内脉动血流条件下具有良好的准确性。
To verify a previously reported three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound method for the measurement of time-average volumetric blood flow, experiments were performed under pulsatile flow conditions, including in vivo investigations, and results were compared with accepted, but invasive, “gold standard” techniques. Results showed that volume averaging results in the correct time-average volume flow without the need for cardiac gating. Unlike other currently employed methods, this method is independent of Doppler angle, flow profile and vessel geometry. A GE Logiq 9 ultrasound system (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI, USA) and a four-dimensional (4D) 10L and 4D 16L probe were used to acquire 3D Doppler measurements in the femoral and carotid arteries of four canines. Two invasive blood flow meters were used (electromagnetic for one canine and ultrasonic for three canines) as the gold standard techniques. Transcutaneous color flow measurements were taken to obtain 3D volume data sets encompassing the vessel. Constant depth planes were used to integrate color flow pixels encompassing the entire vessel cross-section. Power Doppler data were used to correct for partial volume effects. An artificial stenosis was induced to vary the ambient volume flow. Unrestricted, bidirectional flow was measured as high as 400 mL min−1. Several flow restrictions were imposed that decreased the measured volumetric flow rate to as low as 30 mL min−1. All flow rate estimates (n = 38) were plotted against results obtained via the gold standards. A general line fit resulted in y = 0.926 × − 0.87 (r2 = 0.95), which corresponds to a 0.6% flow offset relative to the average flow rate of 142 mL min−1, as well as a 7.4% error in the linearity of our estimate. A secondary curve fit was performed that required the slope to be 1 and the intercept to be 0, which yielded an r2-value of 0.93. The percent-error distribution was computed and fitted to a Gaussian function, which yielded μ = −7.04% and σ = 9.52%. Theoretical studies were conducted to estimate the expected error in our volume flow measurements as a function of number of samples (N) used for averaging pulsatile waveforms. Experiments showed the same dependence as theory. Direct comparisons of volume flow rate estimates using volumetric color Doppler and independent standards showed that our method has good accuracy under in vivo pulsatile blood flow conditions.
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影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Kripfgans, Oliver D.;Rubin, Jonathan M.;Fowlkes, J. Brian
通讯作者：
Fowlkes, J. Brian
影响因子：
19.7
作者：
Rubin, JM;Bude, RO;Adler, RS
通讯作者：
Adler, RS
影响因子：
19.7
作者：
RUBIN, JM;ADLER, RS;CARSON, PL
通讯作者：
CARSON, PL
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
GILL, RW
通讯作者：
GILL, RW
DOI：
10.1109/58.911722
发表时间：
2001-03-01
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Bohs, LN;Gebhart, SC;Trahey, GE
通讯作者：
Trahey, GE