Non-coding RNAs as Emerging Regulators of Neural Injury Responses and Regeneration

Non-coding RNAs as Emerging Regulators of Neural Injury Responses and Regeneration
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非编码 RNA 作为神经损伤反应和再生的新兴调节剂

DOI:
10.1007/s12264-016-0028-7
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发表时间:
2016-04
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Gu Xiaosong
Gu Xiaosong
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zhou Songlin;Ding Fei;Gu Xiaosong

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非编码RNA(ncRNA)是不编码蛋白质但在多种细胞过程中具有多种功能的RNA的大簇。越来越多的证据表明ncRNA参与中枢和外周神经系统的生理学和病理生理学。已经显示,许多ncRNA,特别是微小RNA和长非编码RNA,在损伤如获得性脑损伤、脊髓损伤和外周神经损伤后差异表达。这些ncRNA主要通过靶向特定的mRNA,导致mRNA的翻译抑制或降解来影响神经元存活、神经突再生和神经胶质表型。越来越多的研究探讨了microRNA和长链非编码RNA在神经损伤和再生中的调控作用,这是一个新的研究领域。在这篇综述中,我们强调了目前在该领域的进展,试图进一步了解神经损伤后发生的转录后变化,并促进ncRNA用于改善神经再生的潜在用途。我们还提出了未来研究的潜在方向。
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a large cluster of RNAs that do not encode proteins, but have multiple functions in diverse cellular processes. Mounting evidence indicates the involvement of ncRNAs in the physiology and pathophysiology of the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been shown that numerous ncRNAs, especially microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, are differentially expressed after insults such as acquired brain injury, spinal cord injury, and peripheral nerve injury. These ncRNAs affect neuronal survival, neurite regrowth, and glial phenotype primarily by targeting specific mRNAs, resulting in translation repression or degradation of the mRNAs. An increasing number of studies have investigated the regulatory roles of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in neural injury and regeneration, and thus a new research field is emerging. In this review, we highlight current progress in the field in an attempt to provide further insight into post-transcriptional changes occurring after neural injury, and to facilitate the potential use of ncRNAs for improving neural regeneration. We also suggest potential directions for future studies.
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