Photocatalytic Hydroaminoalkylation of Styrenes with Unprotected Primary Alkylamines.

Photocatalytic Hydroaminoalkylation of Styrenes with Unprotected Primary Alkylamines.
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具有未受保护的原代烷基胺的苯乙烯的光催化氢氨基烷基化。

DOI:
10.1021/jacs.1c07401
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发表时间:
2021-10-06
影响因子:
15
通讯作者:
Cresswell AJ
Cresswell AJ
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Askey HE;Grayson JD;Tibbetts JD;Turner-Dore JC;Holmes JM;Kociok-Kohn G;Wrigley GL;Cresswell AJ

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苯乙烯的催化的分子间加氢氨基烷基化(HAA)提供了对与乙烯相关的γ-芳基胺的强断开,但目前的方法不能利用未保护的伯烷基胺作为原料。金属催化的HAA方案对胺配偶体上的α-取代也高度敏感,并且不存在用于通过该方法合成α-叔γ-芳基胺的催化溶液。我们报告了使用有机光氧化还原催化解决这些问题的方法,能够直接,模块化和可持续地制备α-(二)取代的γ-芳基胺,包括具有挑战性的电子中性和适度富电子的芳基。容许广泛的官能度,并且反应可以在连续流中以数克规模进行。该方法被应用于一个简洁的,无保护基的重磅炸弹药物芬戈莫德的合成,以及其体内活性形式的膦酸酯模拟物(通过乙醇胺的迭代α-C-H官能化)。该反应也可以用分子内N-芳基化进行测序,以提供对有价值的(螺环)1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉和1,2,3,4-四氢萘啶的通用和模块化途径。机理和动力学研究支持不可逆的氢原子转移活化的烷基胺的叠氮基自由基和自由基链的一些贡献。该反应是光子限制的,并表现出零级依赖于胺,叠氮化物,和光催化剂,与苯乙烯的一级依赖。
Catalytic, intermolecular hydroaminoalkylation (HAA) of styrenes provides a powerful disconnection for pharmacologically relevant γ-arylamines, but current methods cannot utilize unprotected primary alkylamines as feedstocks. Metal-catalyzed HAA protocols are also highly sensitive to α-substitution on the amine partner, and no catalytic solutions exist for α-tertiary γ-arylamine synthesis via this approach. We report a solution to these problems using organophotoredox catalysis, enabling a direct, modular, and sustainable preparation of α-(di)substituted γ-arylamines, including challenging electron-neutral and moderately electron-rich aryl groups. A broad range of functionalities are tolerated, and the reactions can be run on multigram scale in continuous flow. The method is applied to a concise, protecting-group-free synthesis of the blockbuster drug Fingolimod, as well as a phosphonate mimic of its in vivo active form (by iterative α-C–H functionalization of ethanolamine). The reaction can also be sequenced with an intramolecular N-arylation to provide a general and modular access to valuable (spirocyclic) 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyridines. Mechanistic and kinetic studies support an irreversible hydrogen atom transfer activation of the alkylamine by the azidyl radical and some contribution from a radical chain. The reaction is photon-limited and exhibits a zero-order dependence on amine, azide, and photocatalyst, with a first-order dependence on styrene.
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