Single-molecule localization microscopy reveals molecular transactions during RAD51 filament assembly at cellular DNA damage sites.

Single-molecule localization microscopy reveals molecular transactions during RAD51 filament assembly at cellular DNA damage sites.
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DOI:
10.1093/nar/gkx1303
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发表时间:
2018-03-16
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
Venkitaraman AR
Venkitaraman AR
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Haas KT;Lee M;Esposito A;Venkitaraman AR

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RAD51 重组酶在 DNA 末端切除暴露的单链 (ss)DNA 底物上组装,启动同源重组 (HR),这是基因组完整性的基础过程。 RAD51 组装已使用纯化的蛋白质进行了表征,但其在细胞核中的超微结构拓扑尚未探索。在这里,我们将细胞遗传学与单分子定位显微镜和一系列定制分析工具相结合,以接近 30-40 nm 的分辨率可视化细胞环境中 RAD51 组装过程中的分子事务。在几种人类细胞类型中,RAD51 聚集成簇,逐渐延伸成长丝,与复制蛋白 A (RPA) 的球状束邻接但不重叠。延长的细丝会随着时间的推移而改变形态,这表明 HR 中的成功步骤。在肿瘤抑制蛋白 BRCA2 耗尽或过度表达其 RAD51 结合 BRC 重复序列的细胞中,RAD51 无法在损伤位点组装,尽管 RPA 可以不受阻碍地积累。相比之下,在缺乏致癌突变靶向的 BRCA2 羧基 (C) 末端区域的细胞中,损伤诱导的 RAD51 组装会启动,但不会延伸到细丝中。我们建议建立一个模型,其中 RAD51 组装与相邻位点的末端切除同时进行,通过依赖于 BRC 重复的起始步骤,然后通过 BRCA2 C 末端区域进行细丝延伸。
RAD51 recombinase assembles on single-stranded (ss)DNA substrates exposed by DNA end-resection to initiate homologous recombination (HR), a process fundamental to genome integrity. RAD51 assembly has been characterized using purified proteins, but its ultrastructural topography in the cell nucleus is unexplored. Here, we combine cell genetics with single-molecule localization microscopy and a palette of bespoke analytical tools, to visualize molecular transactions during RAD51 assembly in the cellular milieu at resolutions approaching 30–40 nm. In several human cell types, RAD51 focalizes in clusters that progressively extend into long filaments, which abut—but do not overlap—with globular bundles of replication protein A (RPA). Extended filaments alter topographically over time, suggestive of succeeding steps in HR. In cells depleted of the tumor suppressor protein BRCA2, or overexpressing its RAD51-binding BRC repeats, RAD51 fails to assemble at damage sites, although RPA accumulates unhindered. By contrast, in cells lacking a BRCA2 carboxyl (C)-terminal region targeted by cancer-causing mutations, damage-induced RAD51 assemblies initiate but do not extend into filaments. We suggest a model wherein RAD51 assembly proceeds concurrently with end-resection at adjacent sites, via an initiation step dependent on the BRC repeats, followed by filament extension through the C-terminal region of BRCA2.
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