Species interactions alter evolutionary responses to a novel environment.
Species interactions alter evolutionary responses to a novel environment.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.1001330
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Barraclough TG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lawrence D;Fiegna F;Behrends V;Bundy JG;Phillimore AB;Bell T;Barraclough TG
对新环境的适应会因共存物种的存在而改变。不同群落中的物种进化出互补的资源利用，这改变了实验生态系统的功能。对新环境的进化反应的研究通常考虑单个物种或相互作用的物种对。然而，所有生物体都与许多其他物种共存，导致进化动力学可能与使用单一物种方法预测的不匹配。最近的理论预测，不同系统中的物种相互作用可以影响组成物种如何应对环境变化。反过来，进化可能会对生态系统的功能产生影响。我们使用了五种细菌的实验社区，以表明物种间的相互作用对适应实验室中的新环境有重大影响。群落中的物种在资源利用方面与单一栽培中的相同物种不同，并进化为利用其他物种产生的废物。这通常导致在适应环境的非生物和生物组成部分之间进行权衡，例如在没有其他物种的情况下进行分析时，群落中进化的物种的生长率较低。根据生长测定和核磁共振（NMR）光谱的资源利用，所有物种进化更多的社区比他们在单一栽培。进化的变化对这些实验生态系统的功能产生了重大影响：从在混养中进化的分离物中重新组装的群落比从在单一培养中进化的分离物中重新组装的群落更有生产力。我们的研究结果表明，物种适应新环境的方式主要取决于共生物种的生物环境。此外，预测复杂生态系统的功能将如何应对环境变化，需要知道物种之间的相互作用将如何演变。了解物种如何适应新环境对于进化理论以及预测和管理生态系统对环境变化的反应都很重要。然而，大多数关于适应新环境的研究都认为物种是孤立的。这些系统的结果是否适用于更现实的物种多样性仍不清楚。我们暴露了五种细菌，收集从水池周围的山毛榉树的根，到一个新的实验室环境中隔离或物种混合物约70代。我们发现，每个物种在不同物种的混合物中进化得比单独培养时更快。此外，物种在使用资源和如何使用其他物种的废物方面存在差异。这些变化意味着共同进化的细菌群落使用了更多的可用资源，因此比孤立进化的同一组物种更具生产力。我们的研究结果表明，物种间的相互作用可以对进化动力学产生重大影响，进而影响生态系统的功能。
Adaptation to a novel environment is altered by the presence of co-occurring species. Species in diverse communities evolved complementary resource use, which altered the functioning of the experimental ecosystems. Studies of evolutionary responses to novel environments typically consider single species or perhaps pairs of interacting species. However, all organisms co-occur with many other species, resulting in evolutionary dynamics that might not match those predicted using single species approaches. Recent theories predict that species interactions in diverse systems can influence how component species evolve in response to environmental change. In turn, evolution might have consequences for ecosystem functioning. We used experimental communities of five bacterial species to show that species interactions have a major impact on adaptation to a novel environment in the laboratory. Species in communities diverged in their use of resources compared with the same species in monocultures and evolved to use waste products generated by other species. This generally led to a trade-off between adaptation to the abiotic and biotic components of the environment, such that species evolving in communities had lower growth rates when assayed in the absence of other species. Based on growth assays and on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of resource use, all species evolved more in communities than they did in monocultures. The evolutionary changes had significant repercussions for the functioning of these experimental ecosystems: communities reassembled from isolates that had evolved in polyculture were more productive than those reassembled from isolates that had evolved in monoculture. Our results show that the way in which species adapt to new environments depends critically on the biotic environment of co-occurring species. Moreover, predicting how functioning of complex ecosystems will respond to an environmental change requires knowing how species interactions will evolve. Understanding how species adapt to new environments is important both for evolutionary theory and for predicting and managing ecosystem responses to changing environments. However, most research into adaptation to new environments has considered species in isolation. Whether results from these systems apply to more realistically diverse groups of species remains unclear. We exposed five species of bacteria, collected from pools around the roots of beech trees, to a novel laboratory environment either in isolation or in species mixtures for approximately 70 generations. We found that each species evolved more in diverse species mixtures than it did when cultured in isolation. Moreover, species diverged in their use of resources and how they used the waste products of other species. These changes meant that the community of bacteria that evolved together used more of the available resources and were thereby more productive than the same group of species that evolved in isolation. Our findings show that species interactions can have a major effect on evolutionary dynamics, which can in turn influence ecosystem functioning.
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影响因子：
8.8
作者：
de Mazancourt, C.;Johnson, E.;Barraclough, T. G.
通讯作者：
Barraclough, T. G.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Campbell, CD;Chapman, SJ;Potts, JM
通讯作者：
Potts, JM
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2010.1173
发表时间：
2011-01-22
期刊：
Proceedings. Biological sciences
影响因子：
--
作者：
Collins S
通讯作者：
Collins S
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Davis, MB;Shaw, RG;Etterson, JR
通讯作者：
Etterson, JR
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Gravel, Dominique;Bell, Thomas;Mouquet, Nicolas
通讯作者：
Mouquet, Nicolas