Complex interactions among successional trajectories and climate govern spatial resilience after severe windstorms in central Wisconsin, USA

Complex interactions among successional trajectories and climate govern spatial resilience after severe windstorms in central Wisconsin, USA
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美国威斯康星州中部严重风暴过后,演替轨迹与气候之间复杂的相互作用控制着空间恢复能力

DOI:
10.1007/s10980-019-00929-1
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
Smithwick, Erica A.
Smithwick, Erica A.
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lucash, Melissa S.;Ruckert, Kelsey L.;Nicholas, Robert E.;Scheller, Robert M.;Smithwick, Erica A.

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ContextResilience是生态学领域的一个核心概念,但我们对恢复力的理解不足以预测何时何地物种组成的大变化可能发生以下干扰,特别是在气候变化。ObjectivesOur的目标是估计如何风扰动形状的工程恢复力,定义为总生物量和物种组成的恢复风暴后,在气候变化下的威斯康星州中部。方法我们使用了一个空间上明确的,森林模拟模型(LANDIS-II)来模拟风暴和气候变化如何影响森林演替,并使用增强回归树分析来分离恢复力的重要驱动因素。结果在本世纪中叶,生物量完全恢复到当前条件,但生物量和物种组成在世纪末都没有完全恢复。正如预期的那样,南方的复原力较低,但到世纪末,整个地区的复原力都很低。干扰和物种特征(例如,的面积扰动和物种的数量)解释了一半的弹性的变化,而温度和土壤水分仅占17%culture.ConclusionsOur结果说明了大量的空间格局的弹性在景观尺度,同时记录的潜力,通过时间的弹性整体下降。物种多样性和风暴的规模远比温度和土壤湿度更重要,在驱动长期趋势的恢复。最后,我们的研究强调了使用机器学习的效用(例如,提升回归树),以辨别潜在的机制,规模的过程时,使用复杂的空间互动和非确定性的模拟模型。
ContextResilience is a concept central to the field of ecology, but our understanding of resilience is not sufficient to predict when and where large changes in species composition might occur following disturbances, particularly under climate change.ObjectivesOur objective was to estimate how wind disturbance shapes landscape-level patterns of engineering resilience, defined as the recovery of total biomass and species composition after a windstorm, under climate change in central Wisconsin.MethodsWe used a spatially-explicit, forest simulation model (LANDIS-II) to simulate how windstorms and climate change affect forest succession and used boosted regression tree analysis to isolate the important drivers of resilience.ResultsAt mid-century, biomass fully recovered to current conditions, but neither biomass nor species composition completely recovered at the end of the century. As expected, resilience was lower in the south, but by the end of the century, resilience was low throughout the landscape. Disturbance and species’ characteristics (e.g., the amount of area disturbed and the number of species) explained half of the variation in resilience, while temperature and soil moisture comprised only 17% collectively.ConclusionsOur results illustrate substantial spatial patterns of resilience at landscape scales, while documenting the potential for overall declines in resilience through time. Species diversity and windstorm size were far more important than temperature and soil moisture in driving long term trends in resilience. Finally, our research highlights the utility of using machine learning (e.g., boosted regression trees) to discern the underlying mechanisms of landscape-scale processes when using complex spatially-interactive and non-deterministic simulation models.
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