Relationship, evolutionary fate and function of two maize co-orthologs of rice GW2 associated with kernel size and weight.
Relationship, evolutionary fate and function of two maize co-orthologs of rice GW2 associated with kernel size and weight.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2229-10-143
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发表时间：
2010-07-14
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Yan J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li Q;Li L;Yang X;Warburton ML;Bai G;Dai J;Li J;Yan J
在水稻中，位于 2 号染色体上的 GW2 基因控制着粒宽和重量。在玉米中发现了该基因的两个同源物 ZmGW2-CHR4 和 ZmGW2-CHR5。在这项研究中，我们研究了这两个玉米基因的关系、进化命运和假定功能。这两个基因位于重复的玉米染色体区域，与含有 GW2 的水稻区域显示出共直系同源关系。 ZmGW2-CHR5 与高粱对应物的关系比与 ZmGW2-CHR4 的关系更密切。对八个不同玉米自交系中两个基因的序列比较表明，两个基因的功能蛋白结构域是完全保守的，没有发现非同义多态性。这表明这两个基因可能具有保守的功能，这一假设通过连锁、关联和表达分析得到了进一步证实。连锁分析表明，ZmGW2-CHR4 位于百粒重 (HKW) 一致的数量性状位点 (QTL) 内。对 121 个玉米自交系的不同组进行关联分析，确定了 ZmGW2-CHR4 启动子区域的一个单核苷酸多态性 (SNP)，在本研究检查的所有三个田间实验中，该单核苷酸多态性与籽粒宽度 (KW) 和 HKW 显着相关。 ZmGW2-CHR4和ZmGW2-CHR5其他区域的SNP或插入/缺失多态性(InDels)也被发现与四种产量相关性状(籽粒长度(KL)、籽粒厚度(KT)、KW和HKW)中的至少一种显着相关。任一玉米基因中的多态性均不相似，也不与导致水稻表型变异的 1 bp InDel 相似。两个玉米基因的表达水平在穗和籽粒发育阶段有所不同，并且ZmGW2-CHR4的表达水平与KW显着负相关。序列、连锁、关联和表达分析共同表明，这两个玉米基因代表染色体重复，两者的功能都是控制玉米籽粒大小和重量的一些表型变异，就像它们在水稻中的对应基因一样。然而，在两个玉米基因和水稻基因中鉴定出的不同多态性表明它们可能通过不同的机制引起表型变异。
In rice, the GW2 gene, found on chromosome 2, controls grain width and weight. Two homologs of this gene, ZmGW2-CHR4 and ZmGW2-CHR5, have been found in maize. In this study, we investigated the relationship, evolutionary fate and putative function of these two maize genes. The two genes are located on duplicated maize chromosomal regions that show co-orthologous relationships with the rice region containing GW2. ZmGW2-CHR5 is more closely related to the sorghum counterpart than to ZmGW2-CHR4. Sequence comparisons between the two genes in eight diverse maize inbred lines revealed that the functional protein domain of both genes is completely conserved, with no non-synonymous polymorphisms identified. This suggests that both genes may have conserved functions, a hypothesis that was further confirmed through linkage, association, and expression analyses. Linkage analysis showed that ZmGW2-CHR4 is located within a consistent quantitative trait locus (QTL) for one-hundred kernel weight (HKW). Association analysis with a diverse panel of 121 maize inbred lines identified one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region of ZmGW2-CHR4 that was significantly associated with kernel width (KW) and HKW across all three field experiments examined in this study. SNPs or insertion/deletion polymorphisms (InDels) in other regions of ZmGW2-CHR4 and ZmGW2-CHR5 were also found to be significantly associated with at least one of the four yield-related traits (kernel length (KL), kernel thickness (KT), KW and HKW). None of the polymorphisms in either maize gene are similar to each other or to the 1 bp InDel causing phenotypic variation in rice. Expression levels of both maize genes vary over ear and kernel developmental stages, and the expression level of ZmGW2-CHR4 is significantly negatively correlated with KW. The sequence, linkage, association and expression analyses collectively showed that the two maize genes represent chromosomal duplicates, both of which function to control some of the phenotypic variation for kernel size and weight in maize, as does their counterpart in rice. However, the different polymorphisms identified in the two maize genes and in the rice gene indicate that they may cause phenotypic variation through different mechanisms.
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影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Bradbury, Peter J.;Zhang, Zhiwu;Buckler, Edward S.
通讯作者：
Buckler, Edward S.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.94.13.6809
发表时间：
1997-06-24
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Gaut, BS;Doebley, JF
通讯作者：
Doebley, JF
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Lubberstedt, T;Melchinger, AE;Klein, D
通讯作者：
Klein, D
影响因子：
11.6
作者：
Gutierrez-Marcos, Jose F.;Dal Pra, Mauro;Consonni, Gabriella
通讯作者：
Consonni, Gabriella
影响因子：
7
作者：
Gaut, BS
通讯作者：
Gaut, BS