Effects of drugs of abuse on hippocampal plasticity and hippocampus-dependent learning and memory: contributions to development and maintenance of addiction.
Effects of drugs of abuse on hippocampal plasticity and hippocampus-dependent learning and memory: contributions to development and maintenance of addiction.
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DOI：
10.1101/lm.042192.116
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发表时间：
2016-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gould TJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kutlu MG;Gould TJ
长期以来，人们一直假设条件反射机制在成瘾中起着重要作用。具体而言，滥用药物的奖励性质与吸毒背景之间的联系可有助于今后的吸毒，并促进从最初吸毒过渡到吸毒成瘾。另一方面，药物滥用的自我药疗假说表明，药物戒断的负面后果导致重新吸毒，试图减轻负面症状。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了这些假设和参与的海马在发展和维持成瘾广泛滥用的药物，如可卡因，安非他明，尼古丁，酒精，阿片类药物，大麻。研究表明，最初接触兴奋剂（即，可卡因、尼古丁和安非他明）和酒精可能增强海马功能，因此，形成了有助于成瘾发展的增强的药物-环境关联。根据自我药疗假说，从兴奋剂、乙醇和大麻中戒断会导致依赖于大脑皮层的学习和记忆缺陷，这表明试图减轻这些缺陷可能会导致药物使用复发和成瘾维持。有趣的是，阿片类药物戒断会增强依赖于海马的学习和记忆。考虑到阿片类药物戒断过程中对药物环境的条件性厌恶，这种情况下的认知增强可能导致戒断引起的厌恶和戒断环境之间形成增强的关联。因此，阿片类药物成瘾者可能会重新使用阿片类药物，以避免戒断环境引发的厌恶症状。总的来说，系统地研究海马在药物成瘾中的作用可能有助于更好地理解成瘾和潜在的神经基质。
It has long been hypothesized that conditioning mechanisms play major roles in addiction. Specifically, the associations between rewarding properties of drugs of abuse and the drug context can contribute to future use and facilitate the transition from initial drug use into drug dependency. On the other hand, the self-medication hypothesis of drug abuse suggests that negative consequences of drug withdrawal result in relapse to drug use as an attempt to alleviate the negative symptoms. In this review, we explored these hypotheses and the involvement of the hippocampus in the development and maintenance of addiction to widely abused drugs such as cocaine, amphetamine, nicotine, alcohol, opiates, and cannabis. Studies suggest that initial exposure to stimulants (i.e., cocaine, nicotine, and amphetamine) and alcohol may enhance hippocampal function and, therefore, the formation of augmented drug-context associations that contribute to the development of addiction. In line with the self-medication hypothesis, withdrawal from stimulants, ethanol, and cannabis results in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory deficits, which suggest that an attempt to alleviate these deficits may contribute to relapse to drug use and maintenance of addiction. Interestingly, opiate withdrawal leads to enhancement of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Given that a conditioned aversion to drug context develops during opiate withdrawal, the cognitive enhancement in this case may result in the formation of an augmented association between withdrawal-induced aversion and withdrawal context. Therefore, individuals with opiate addiction may return to opiate use to avoid aversive symptoms triggered by the withdrawal context. Overall, the systematic examination of the role of the hippocampus in drug addiction may help to formulate a better understanding of addiction and underlying neural substrates.
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影响因子：
6.1
作者：
ALLAN, AM;HARRIS, RA
通讯作者：
HARRIS, RA
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
BEATTY W W;BENGTSON K R;BRUMBACK R A
通讯作者：
BRUMBACK R A
DOI：
10.1056/nejmra0809890
发表时间：
2010-06-17
期刊：
The New England journal of medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
Benowitz NL
通讯作者：
Benowitz NL
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Alkondon, M;Pereira, EFR;Albuquerque, EX
通讯作者：
Albuquerque, EX
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Bardo, MT;Valone, JM;Bevins, RA
通讯作者：
Bevins, RA