Physiological and molecular responses of seedlings of an upland rice ('Tung Lu 3') to total submergence compared to those of a submergence-tolerant lowland rice ('FR13A').
Physiological and molecular responses of seedlings of an upland rice ('Tung Lu 3') to total submergence compared to those of a submergence-tolerant lowland rice ('FR13A').
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DOI：
10.1186/s12284-017-0180-3
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发表时间：
2017-08-31
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yang CY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yang SY;Wu YS;Chen CT;Lai MH;Yen HM;Yang CY
由于全球气候变化引起的气候变化越来越严重，了解水稻对环境胁迫（如非计划性淹水）的反应具有重要意义。当水稻被完全淹没时，不同类型的水稻采取静止生存策略（即，最小的芽伸长）或逃逸策略（即，增强的芽伸长）。每种策略都可以根据情况延长生存时间。虽然淹涝反应已经在典型的低地和易涝地区的水稻中进行了研究，但很少有研究探讨淹涝条件下高地的生理和分子特性。本研究以高地‘桐陆3号’（‘TL 3’）幼苗为材料，分析了水稻幼苗对淹水胁迫的生理和分子响应。我们将其与采用安静策略耐淹的低地水稻“FR 13 A”进行了比较。‘TL 3’在淹水条件下，株高和叶鞘间距迅速增加。虽然这表明一个强大的逃生策略，幼苗保持完全水下的实验期间。相反，‘FR 13 A’的伸长要小得多。因此，在完全淹没4天后，接着排水，‘TL 3’比‘FR 13 A’更严重地倒伏。在10 d完全淹没后，55%的'TL 3'幼苗存活，而'FR 13 A'为100%。“TL 3”的第二老叶叶绿素a、B和总叶绿素含量也显著高于“FR 13 A”（但第三老叶低于“FR 13 A”），过氧化氢积累量也较少。淹水1天后，‘TL 3’的过氧化物酶活性也高于‘FR 13 A’。定量RT-PCR显示，在完全淹没2天后，蔗糖合成酶1和乙醇脱氢酶1的表达增加，与“FR 13 A”相比，“TL 3”中的水平显著更高。在非浸没条件下，“TL 3”中的表达也更高。高地‘TL 3’对完全淹涝的伸长反应强于‘FR 13 A’。这种逃生策略被广泛认为是损害生存时，植物仍然完全淹没。然而，与预期相反，“TL 3”的存活率虽然低于“FR 13 A”的存活率，但仍很高，而与适应相关的生理、生化和分子参数在细节上不同，但似乎大致相当。这些研究结果强调，淹没耐受性不仅是通过采取静止或逃避策略，但可能是由代谢和生理特性无关的水下伸长率。
Understanding the responses of rice to environmental stresses such as unscheduled submergence is of pressing important owing to increasing severity of weather thought to arise from global climate change. When rice is completely submerged, different types adopt either a quiescence survival strategy (i.e., minimal shoot elongation) or an escape strategy (i.e., enhanced shoot elongation). Each strategy can prolong survival depending on the circumstances. While submergence responses have been studied in rice typical of lowland and flood-prone areas, few studies have explored the physiological and molecular properties of upland rice under submergence. Here, we use seedlings of the upland rice ‘Tung Lu 3’ (‘TL3’) to analyze physiological and molecular responses to submergence. We compare them with those of ‘FR13A’, a lowland rice that tolerates submergence by adopting the quiescence strategy. Plant height and distance between leaf sheaths, increased rapidly in ‘TL3’ under submergence. Although this indicated a strong escape strategy the seedlings remained totally underwater for the duration of the experiments. In contrast, ‘FR13A’ elongated much less. Consequently, after 4 days complete submergence followed by drainage, ‘TL3’ lodged much more severely than ‘FR13A’. After 10 d complete submergence, 55% of ‘TL3’ seedlings survived compared to 100% in ‘FR13A’. Chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll concentrations of the 2nd oldest leaves of ‘TL3’ were also significantly above those of ‘FR13A’ (but were lower than ‘FR13A’ in the 3rd oldest leaves) and less hydrogen peroxide accumulated in ‘TL3’. Peroxidase activity in submerged ‘TL3’ was also greater than in ‘FR13A’ 1 day after submergence. Quantitative RT–PCR showed increased expression of sucrose synthase 1 and alcohol dehydrogenases 1 after 2 days complete submergence with significantly higher levels in ‘TL3’ compared to ‘FR13A’. Expression was also higher in ‘TL3’ under non-submerged conditions. The upland rice line ‘TL3’ gave a stronger elongation response than ‘FR13A’ to complete submergence. This escape strategy is widely considered to prejudice survival when the plant remains totally submerged. However, contrary to expectations, ‘TL3’ survival rates were substantial although below those for ‘FR13A’ while physiological, biochemical and molecular parameters linked to adaptation differed in detail but appeared to be broadly comparable. These findings highlight that submergence tolerance is determine not only by the adoption of quiescence or escape strategies but maybe by metabolic and physiological properties unrelated to the underwater elongation rate.
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