Anthropogenic influences on conservation values of white rhinoceros.

Anthropogenic influences on conservation values of white rhinoceros.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0045989
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Emmett MC
Emmett MC
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ferreira SM;Botha JM;Emmett MC

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白色犀牛(犀牛)是一个重点保护物种,也为保护机构提供收入。恢复或模仿受阻碍的生态过程的结果可以调和生物多样性和财务目标。我们评估的后果白色犀牛管理删除,并在最近的时间,偷猎,对人口的持续性,区域保护的结果和创收的机会。在克鲁格国家公园,从1998年到2008年,白色犀牛数量有所增加。从那时起,人口可能会无方向地变化。2010年,我们使用三种不同的种群估计方法估计了10,621头(95%CI:8,767 - 12,682)白色犀牛。2008年后,可以检测到对不同种群的预期管理效果。年龄和性别结构在水槽区(重点犀牛捕获区)是不同的。这是因为管理者解雇的亚成年人比站立年龄分布定义的要多。2011年,偷猎者转而关注更多的成年人。虽然偷猎的影响是无法检测到的人口水平的置信区间的估计,管理人员容纳预期偷猎每年和适应管理删除。目前的偷猎趋势预测,2012年克鲁格可能有432头白色犀牛被偷猎。白色犀牛管理模型模拟了生态过程受阻的结果,预测需要397头犀牛管理清除。目前偷猎者可能正在进行“管理迁移”,但保护主义者没有机会为地区犀牛保护战略做出贡献,也没有机会通过出售白色犀牛创收。此外,持续的偷猎趋势预测,到2016年,克鲁格国家公园可检测到的白色犀牛数量将减少。我们的研究结果表明,保护主义者需要创新的方法,减少经济激励,以遏制偷猎对自然资源(如白色犀牛)的几个保护价值构成的威胁。
White rhinoceros (rhinos) is a keystone conservation species and also provides revenue for protection agencies. Restoring or mimicking the outcomes of impeded ecological processes allows reconciliation of biodiversity and financial objectives. We evaluate the consequences of white rhino management removal, and in recent times, poaching, on population persistence, regional conservation outcomes and opportunities for revenue generation. In Kruger National Park, white rhinos increased from 1998 to 2008. Since then the population may vary non-directionally. In 2010, we estimated 10,621 (95% CI: 8,767–12,682) white rhinos using three different population estimation methods. The desired management effect of a varying population was detectable after 2008. Age and sex structures in sink areas (focal rhino capture areas) were different from elsewhere. This comes from relatively more sub-adults being removed by managers than what the standing age distribution defined. Poachers in turn focused on more adults in 2011. Although the effect of poaching was not detectable at the population level given the confidence intervals of estimates, managers accommodated expected poaching annually and adapted management removals. The present poaching trend predicts that 432 white rhinos may be poached in Kruger during 2012. The white rhino management model mimicking outcomes of impeded ecological processes predicts 397 rhino management removals are required. At present poachers may be doing “management removals,” but conservationists have no opportunity left to contribute to regional rhino conservation strategies or generate revenue through white rhino sales. In addition, continued trends in poaching predict detectable white rhino declines in Kruger National Park by 2016. Our results suggest that conservationists need innovative approaches that reduce financial incentives to curb the threats that poaching poses to several conservation values of natural resources such as white rhinos.
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