Dietary Cholesterol and the Lack of Evidence in Cardiovascular Disease.
Dietary Cholesterol and the Lack of Evidence in Cardiovascular Disease.
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DOI：
10.3390/nu10060780
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发表时间：
2018-06-16
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Soliman GA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Soliman GA
心血管疾病(CVD)是美国的主要死亡原因。多年来，饮食中的胆固醇被认为与血液中胆固醇水平的升高有关，从而导致心血管疾病风险的增加。到目前为止，广泛的研究没有证据表明饮食中的胆固醇在心血管疾病的发展中起到了作用。因此，2015-2020年《美国人膳食指南》取消了将膳食胆固醇限制在每天300毫克的建议。本文综述了目前有关膳食胆固醇摄入量与心血管疾病的文献。值得注意的是，大多数富含胆固醇的食物也富含饱和脂肪酸，因此可能会因饱和脂肪酸含量而增加患心血管疾病的风险。鸡蛋和虾是个例外。考虑到鸡蛋是负担得起的营养密集型食物，含有高质量的蛋白质和最低限度的饱和脂肪酸(每个鸡蛋1.56克)，并且富含多种微量营养素，包括维生素和矿物质，将适度的鸡蛋作为健康饮食模式的一部分是值得的。当个人的营养素摄入量低于最佳水平，或收入和食物获取有限时，这一建议尤其重要，并有助于确保成长中的儿童和老年人的膳食营养素摄入量充足。
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. For years, dietary cholesterol was implicated in increasing blood cholesterol levels leading to the elevated risk of CVD. To date, extensive research did not show evidence to support a role of dietary cholesterol in the development of CVD. As a result, the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans removed the recommendations of restricting dietary cholesterol to 300 mg/day. This review summarizes the current literature regarding dietary cholesterol intake and CVD. It is worth noting that most foods that are rich in cholesterol are also high in saturated fatty acids and thus may increase the risk of CVD due to the saturated fatty acid content. The exceptions are eggs and shrimp. Considering that eggs are affordable and nutrient-dense food items, containing high-quality protein with minimal saturated fatty acids (1.56 gm/egg) and are rich in several micronutrients including vitamins and minerals, it would be worthwhile to include eggs in moderation as a part of a healthy eating pattern. This recommendation is particularly relevant when individual’s intakes of nutrients are suboptimal, or with limited income and food access, and to help ensure dietary intake of sufficient nutrients in growing children and older adults.
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