Assessment of animal hosts of pathogenic Leptospira in northern Tanzania.
Assessment of animal hosts of pathogenic Leptospira in northern Tanzania.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0006444
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发表时间：
2018-06
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Cleaveland S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Allan KJ;Halliday JEB;Moseley M;Carter RW;Ahmed A;Goris MGA;Hartskeerl RA;Keyyu J;Kibona T;Maro VP;Maze MJ;Mmbaga BT;Tarimo R;Crump JA;Cleaveland S
钩端螺旋体病是一种人畜共患细菌性疾病，每年影响全世界100多万人。人类感染是通过直接或间接接触受感染动物的尿液而获得的。包括啮齿动物和牲畜在内的多种动物都可能传播钩端螺旋体细菌，并成为人类的传染源。在坦桑尼亚北部的乞力马扎罗州，钩端螺旋体病是急性发热性疾病的一个重要病因，但对该地区钩端螺旋体感染的动物宿主所知相对较少。通过两项相关研究评估了啮齿动物和反刍牲畜在钩端螺旋体病流行病学中的作用。在报告人类钩端螺旋体病发病率高的两个地区对围家养啮齿动物进行的横断面研究发现，在随机选择的家庭及其周围的啮齿动物中没有发现钩端螺旋体感染的证据。当地屠宰场牛（452例[5.1 ~ 9.8%]）、山羊（167例[0.3 ~ 4.3%]）和绵羊（89例[0.1 ~ 60.0%]）的致病性钩端螺旋体感染率分别为7.08%、1.20%和1.12%。在家畜中检测到4种钩端螺旋体基因型。在牛中鉴定出两个不同的波氏螺旋体分支，以及一个新的secY序列分支，该分支与已知的钩端螺旋体序列只有95%的一致性。从牛、绵羊和山羊的qpcr阳性肾脏样本中获得相同的克氏乳杆菌序列。这些结果表明，反刍家畜是坦桑尼亚北部钩端螺旋体的重要宿主。受感染的牲畜可能成为人类钩端螺旋体感染的来源。需要进一步开展工作，以了解牲畜在该地区维持和传播钩端螺旋体感染中的作用，并审查人与牲畜感染之间的联系。钩端螺旋体病是一种从动物传染给人的全球重要疾病，每年影响全世界100多万人。钩端螺旋体病是坦桑尼亚北部发热性疾病的一个重要原因，但对该地区人们感染钩端螺旋体的动物宿主知之甚少。本研究旨在评估啮齿动物和反刍牲畜（牛、绵羊和山羊）在坦桑尼亚北部钩端螺旋体感染流行病学中的作用。本研究结果表明，致病性钩端螺旋体感染主要发生在家畜反刍动物身上，而非啮齿类动物。遗传分型鉴定出家畜中4种不同类型的钩端螺旋体，其中3种仅在牛中发现，1种在本研究样本的牛、山羊和绵羊中发现。这些结果表明，牲畜是坦桑尼亚人民的潜在感染源。这一发现很重要，因为很大一部分人口从事农业活动或在家中饲养反刍牲畜。需要进一步的工作来了解哪些钩端螺旋体类型在我们的环境中传播，并了解牲畜感染如何导致人类疾病。
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease that affects more than one million people worldwide each year. Human infection is acquired through direct or indirect contact with the urine of an infected animal. A wide range of animals including rodents and livestock may shed Leptospira bacteria and act as a source of infection for people. In the Kilimanjaro Region of northern Tanzania, leptospirosis is an important cause of acute febrile illness, yet relatively little is known about animal hosts of Leptospira infection in this area. The roles of rodents and ruminant livestock in the epidemiology of leptospirosis were evaluated through two linked studies. A cross-sectional study of peri-domestic rodents performed in two districts with a high reported incidence of human leptospirosis found no evidence of Leptospira infection among rodent species trapped in and around randomly selected households. In contrast, pathogenic Leptospira infection was detected in 7.08% cattle (n = 452 [5.1–9.8%]), 1.20% goats (n = 167 [0.3–4.3%]) and 1.12% sheep (n = 89 [0.1–60.0%]) sampled in local slaughterhouses. Four Leptospira genotypes were detected in livestock. Two distinct clades of L. borgpetersenii were identified in cattle as well as a clade of novel secY sequences that showed only 95% identity to known Leptospira sequences. Identical L. kirschneri sequences were obtained from qPCR-positive kidney samples from cattle, sheep and goats. These results indicate that ruminant livestock are important hosts of Leptospira in northern Tanzania. Infected livestock may act as a source of Leptospira infection for people. Additional work is needed to understand the role of livestock in the maintenance and transmission of Leptospira infection in this region and to examine linkages between human and livestock infections. Leptospirosis is a globally important disease that is transmitted from animals to people and affects more than 1 million people worldwide each year. Leptospirosis is an important cause of febrile illness in northern Tanzania but little is known about the animal hosts of Leptospira infection for people in this area. This study aimed to evaluate the role of rodents and ruminant livestock (cattle, sheep and goats) in the epidemiology of Leptospira infection in northern Tanzania. The results of our study showed that ruminant livestock but not rodents are commonly infected with pathogenic Leptospira infection. Genetic typing identified four distinct types of Leptospira in livestock, including three types that were only identified in cattle, and one type that was identified in cattle, goats and sheep sampled in our study. These results indicate that livestock are a potential source of infection for people in Tanzania. This finding is important as a large proportion of the human population are employed in farming activities or keep ruminant livestock at home. Further work is needed to understand which Leptospira types are transmitted in our setting and to understand how livestock infection contributes to human disease.
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实时PCR的开发和验证，用于检测临床材料中致病性钩端螺旋体。
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Ahmed A;Engelberts MF;Boer KR;Ahmed N;Hartskeerl RA
通讯作者：
Hartskeerl RA
使用基于医院的监测和坦桑尼亚的基于人群的医疗保健利用调查来估计钩端螺旋体病的发病率。
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Biggs HM;Hertz JT;Munishi OM;Galloway RL;Marks F;Saganda W;Maro VP;Crump JA
通讯作者：
Crump JA
DOI：
10.1099/ijs.0.066597-0
发表时间：
2014-12-01
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Bourhy, Pascale;Collet, Louis;Picardeau, Mathieu
通讯作者：
Picardeau, Mathieu
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Cameron, AR;Baldock, FC
通讯作者：
Baldock, FC
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Assenga JA;Matemba LE;Muller SK;Mhamphi GG;Kazwala RR
通讯作者：
Kazwala RR