Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images.

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images.
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DOI:
10.3791/56318
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发表时间:
2017-09-07
期刊:
Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Ruzov A
Ruzov A
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ramsawhook AH;Lewis LC;Eleftheriou M;Abakir A;Durczak P;Markus R;Rajani S;Hannan NRF;Coyle B;Ruzov A

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几十年来,5-甲基胞嘧啶(5 mC)被认为是后生动物中唯一具有功能意义的DNA修饰。发现5 mC酶促氧化为5-羟甲基胞嘧啶(5 hmC)、5-甲酰胞嘧啶(5 fC)和5-羧基胞嘧啶(5caC),以及在多细胞生物的DNA中检测到N6-甲基腺嘌呤(6 mA),为表观遗传学研究提供了额外的复杂程度。根据越来越多的实验证据,这些新的DNA修饰可能在不同的细胞和发育过程中发挥特定的作用。重要的是,作为其中的一些标志(e。G. 5 hmC、5 fC和5caC)在脊椎动物中表现出组织和发育阶段特异性发生,免疫化学代表了允许评估不同生物学背景中DNA修饰的空间分布的重要工具。在这里,通过免疫染色,然后通过共聚焦显微镜可视化的DNA修饰的计算分析的方法进行了描述。具体地,示出了2.5维(2.5D)信号强度图的生成、信号强度曲线、多个细胞中染色强度的定量和信号共定位系数的确定。总的来说,这些技术可能是可操作的,在评估这些DNA修饰在细胞核中的水平和定位,有助于阐明它们在后生动物中的生物学作用。
For several decades, 5-methylcytosine (5mC) has been thought to be the only DNA modification with a functional significance in metazoans. The discovery of enzymatic oxidation of 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) as well as detection of N6-methyladenine (6mA) in the DNA of multicellular organisms provided additional degrees of complexity to the epigenetic research. According to a growing body of experimental evidence, these novel DNA modifications may play specific roles in different cellular and developmental processes. Importantly, as some of these marks (e. g. 5hmC, 5fC and 5caC) exhibit tissue- and developmental stage-specific occurrence in vertebrates, immunochemistry represents an important tool allowing assessment of spatial distribution of DNA modifications in different biological contexts. Here the methods for computational analysis of DNA modifications visualized by immunostaining followed by confocal microscopy are described. Specifically, the generation of 2.5 dimension (2.5D) signal intensity plots, signal intensity profiles, quantification of staining intensity in multiple cells and determination of signal colocalization coefficients are shown. Collectively, these techniques may be operational in evaluating the levels and localization of these DNA modifications in the nucleus, contributing to elucidating their biological roles in metazoans.
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