Amylase activity is associated with AMY2B copy numbers in dog: implications for dog domestication, diet and diabetes.
Amylase activity is associated with AMY2B copy numbers in dog: implications for dog domestication, diet and diabetes.
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DOI：
10.1111/age.12179
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发表时间：
2014-10
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Axelsson E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arendt M;Fall T;Lindblad-Toh K;Axelsson E
狗的高淀粉酶活性与编码胰腺淀粉酶的基因AMY2B的拷贝数急剧增加有关，这可能使狗在早期驯化期间能够在相对富含淀粉的饮食中茁壮成长。虽然大多数狗可能比狼更有效地消化淀粉，但AMY2B拷贝数在狗种群中差异很大，目前还不清楚这种变异如何影响个体处理淀粉的能力，也不清楚它如何影响狗的健康。在人类中，编码唾液淀粉酶AMY1的基因的拷贝数与唾液淀粉酶水平和酶活性相关，并且高淀粉酶活性与改善血糖稳态和降低代谢综合征的频率相关。在这里，我们研究了犬的AMY2B拷贝数和血清淀粉酶活性之间的关系，并表明淀粉酶活性与AMY2B拷贝数相关。然后，我们描述了AMY2B拷贝数如何在20个犬种的个体中变化，并发现了强烈的品种依赖性模式，表明消化淀粉的能力在品种和个体水平上都不同。最后，为了测试AMY2B拷贝数是否与糖尿病的发病风险密切相关，我们比较了病例和对照以及不同糖尿病易感性品种的拷贝数。虽然我们在这里没有看到这种关联，但在排除AMY2B和糖尿病之间可能的联系之前，需要使用更大的队列进行未来的研究。
High amylase activity in dogs is associated with a drastic increase in copy numbers of the gene coding for pancreatic amylase, AMY2B, that likely allowed dogs to thrive on a relatively starch-rich diet during early dog domestication. Although most dogs thus probably digest starch more efficiently than do wolves, AMY2B copy numbers vary widely within the dog population, and it is not clear how this variation affects the individual ability to handle starch nor how it affects dog health. In humans, copy numbers of the gene coding for salivary amylase, AMY1, correlate with both salivary amylase levels and enzyme activity, and high amylase activity is related to improved glycemic homeostasis and lower frequencies of metabolic syndrome. Here, we investigate the relationship between AMY2B copy numbers and serum amylase activity in dogs and show that amylase activity correlates with AMY2B copy numbers. We then describe how AMY2B copy numbers vary in individuals from 20 dog breeds and find strong breed-dependent patterns, indicating that the ability to digest starch varies both at the breed and individual level. Finally, to test whether AMY2B copy number is strongly associated with the risk of developing diabetes mellitus, we compare copy numbers in cases and controls as well as in breeds with varying diabetes susceptibility. Although we see no such association here, future studies using larger cohorts are needed before excluding a possible link between AMY2B and diabetes mellitus.
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