Automated Approach to In Vitro Image-Guided Photothermal Therapy with Top-Down and Bottom-Up-Synthesized Graphene Quantum Dots.
Automated Approach to In Vitro Image-Guided Photothermal Therapy with Top-Down and Bottom-Up-Synthesized Graphene Quantum Dots.
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DOI：
10.3390/nano13050805
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发表时间：
2023-02-22
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Naumov AV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee B;Stokes GA;Valimukhametova A;Nguyen S;Gonzalez-Rodriguez R;Bhaloo A;Coffer J;Naumov AV
石墨烯基材料由于其高的光热转换效率而成为光热治疗的感兴趣的主题。基于最近的研究，石墨烯量子点（GQD）有望具有有利的光热性能，并促进可见光和近红外（NIR）的荧光图像跟踪，同时在其生物相容性方面优于其他石墨烯基材料。在本工作中，采用了几种GQD结构来测试这些能力，包括通过自上而下氧化由还原氧化石墨烯衍生的还原石墨烯量子点（RGQD）和由分子透明质酸自下而上水热合成的透明质酸石墨烯量子点（HGQD）。这些GQD在整个可见光和NIR范围内具有显著的NIR吸收和荧光，有利于体内成像，同时在高达1.7 mg/mL的浓度下具有生物相容性。在水性悬浮液中，用低功率（0.9 W/cm 2）808 nm NIR激光照射的RGQD和HGQD促进温度升高至高达47.0 °C，这足以用于癌症肿瘤消融。使用基于3D打印机开发的自动化同步照射/测量系统，直接在96孔板中进行多种条件下的体外光热实验。在这项研究中，HGQD和RGQD促进了HeLa癌细胞加热至54.5 °C，导致细胞活力从超过80%急剧抑制至22.9%。GQD在可见光和NIR中的荧光追踪其成功内化到HeLa细胞中，在20小时时最大化，表明细胞外和细胞内光热处理能力。在体外测试的光热和成像模式的组合，使GQD在这项工作中开发的癌症治疗剂的前景。
Graphene-based materials have been the subject of interest for photothermal therapy due to their high light-to-heat conversion efficiency. Based on recent studies, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are expected to possess advantageous photothermal properties and facilitate fluorescence image-tracking in the visible and near-infrared (NIR), while surpassing other graphene-based materials in their biocompatibility. Several GQD structures including reduced graphene quantum dots (RGQDs) derived from reduced graphene oxide via top-down oxidation and hyaluronic acid graphene quantum dots (HGQDs) hydrothermally bottom-up synthesized from molecular hyaluronic acid were employed to test these capabilities in the present work. These GQDs possess substantial NIR absorption and fluorescence throughout the visible and NIR beneficial for in vivo imaging while being biocompatible at up to 1.7 mg/mL concentrations. In aqueous suspensions, RGQDs and HGQDs irradiated with a low power (0.9 W/cm2) 808 nm NIR laser facilitate a temperature increase up to 47.0 °C, which is sufficient for cancer tumor ablation. In vitro photothermal experiments sampling multiple conditions directly in the 96-well plate were performed using an automated simultaneous irradiation/measurement system developed on the basis of a 3D printer. In this study, HGQDs and RGQDs facilitated the heating of HeLa cancer cells up to 54.5 °C, leading to the drastic inhibition of cell viability from over 80% down to 22.9%. GQD’s fluorescence in the visible and NIR traces their successful internalization into HeLa cells maximized at 20 h suggesting both extracellular and intracellular photothermal treatment capabilities. The combination of the photothermal and imaging modalities tested in vitro makes the GQDs developed in this work prospective agents for cancer theragnostics.
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