Beneficial Effects of Betaine: A Comprehensive Review.
Beneficial Effects of Betaine: A Comprehensive Review.
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DOI：
10.3390/biology10060456
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发表时间：
2021-05-22
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Kharbanda KK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arumugam MK;Paal MC;Donohue TM Jr;Ganesan M;Osna NA;Kharbanda KK
大量研究报道，中草药和许多食品成分具有抗氧化、抗炎或抗坏死活性，可以预防肝病的发展。本文重点介绍了膳食甜菜碱(三甲基甘氨酸)的生物学效应和有益作用，甜菜碱是一种天然存在的重要甲基供体，可恢复细胞内蛋氨酸的稳态。我们描述了甜菜碱(S)作为治疗剂改善酒精诱导和代谢相关肝病指标的作用机制的最新研究。由于其低成本、高耐受性和有效性，我们建议甜菜碱作为一种有前途的临床治疗方法来治疗上述疾病以及其他与肝脏/非肝脏相关的疾病和状况。草药和许多食品成分具有良好的生物学特性，有助于它们的治疗活性。甜菜碱就是这样一种天然产物，它是一种稳定、无毒的天然物质，存在于动物、植物和微生物中。甜菜碱也是通过胆碱的代谢内源性合成的，或通过饮食摄入而外源性消耗的。甜菜碱主要作为(I)渗透调节剂和(Ii)甲基供体。该综述描述了甜菜碱对全身健康的主要生理作用，以及它对肝脏相关和非肝脏相关疾病和条件的保护能力。甜菜碱在预防/减轻酒精诱导的和代谢相关的肝病方面的作用已经得到了很好的研究，并在此进行了广泛的综述。多项研究表明，甜菜碱可防止酒精引起的肝脏脂肪变性、细胞凋亡和受损蛋白质的积聚。此外，它还可以通过保护肠道完整性和脂肪功能显著预防/减轻进行性肝损伤。保护作用主要与通过清除同型半胱氨酸和维持细胞SAM/SAH比率来调节蛋氨酸代谢有关。同样，甜菜碱可以预防代谢相关的脂肪肝及其进展。此外，甜菜碱还具有神经保护作用，保护心肌功能，防止胰腺脂肪变性。甜菜碱还可以减轻氧化应激、内质网应激、炎症和癌症的发展。总而言之，甜菜碱具有显著的治疗和生物学效果，对缓解多种人类疾病和状况具有潜在的益处。
A large number of studies report that medicinal herbs and many food ingredients protect against the development of liver disease because they possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or anti-necrotic activities. This review focuses on the biological and beneficial effects of dietary betaine (trimethylglycine), a naturally occurring and crucial methyl donor, that restores methionine homeostasis in cells. We describe recent studies on betaine’s mechanism(s) of action as a therapeutic agent for improving indices of alcohol-induced and metabolic- associated liver disease. Due to its low cost, high tolerability, and efficacy, we suggest betaine as a promising therapeutic for clinical use to treat these aforementioned diseases as well as other liver-/non-liver-related diseases and conditions. Medicinal herbs and many food ingredients possess favorable biological properties that contribute to their therapeutic activities. One such natural product is betaine, a stable, nontoxic natural substance that is present in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Betaine is also endogenously synthesized through the metabolism of choline or exogenously consumed through dietary intake. Betaine mainly functions as (i) an osmolyte and (ii) a methyl-group donor. This review describes the major physiological effects of betaine in whole-body health and its ability to protect against both liver- as well as non-liver-related diseases and conditions. Betaine’s role in preventing/attenuating both alcohol-induced and metabolic-associated liver diseases has been well studied and is extensively reviewed here. Several studies show that betaine protects against the development of alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis, apoptosis, and accumulation of damaged proteins. Additionally, it can significantly prevent/attenuate progressive liver injury by preserving gut integrity and adipose function. The protective effects are primarily associated with the regulation of methionine metabolism through removing homocysteine and maintaining cellular SAM:SAH ratios. Similarly, betaine prevents metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and its progression. In addition, betaine has a neuroprotective role, preserves myocardial function, and prevents pancreatic steatosis. Betaine also attenuates oxidant stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and cancer development. To conclude, betaine exerts significant therapeutic and biological effects that are potentially beneficial for alleviating a diverse number of human diseases and conditions.
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