The respiratory basis of locomotion in Drosophila.

The respiratory basis of locomotion in Drosophila.
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果蝇运动的呼吸基础

DOI:
10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.04.019
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发表时间:
2009
影响因子:
2.2
通讯作者:
Schützner
Schützner
中科院分区:
农林科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lehmann;Schützner

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昆虫的呼吸系统已经进化到满足休息和运动等需要能量的过程中的氧气供应。特别是扑翼飞行被认为是昆虫进化中的一个关键性状,需要代谢活性增加10-15倍的静息代谢。两个主要的权衡与气管系统的广泛发展和昆虫中的气门的功能相关:干燥的风险,因为当气门打开进行气体交换时,身体水分可能离开气管系统,以及在低代谢活动下有毒气管氧水平的风险。在休息的动物中,关于气门开放行为的功能和进化一直存在争议,主要集中在不连续的气体交换模式上。在运动过程中,大型昆虫通常通过各种形式的通风来满足增加的呼吸需求,而在小型昆虫如果蝇中,扩散过程被认为是足够的。然而,最近的数据表明,在飞行过程中,即使是小昆虫也会使用呼吸机制,这可能有助于平衡气管系统内的呼吸电流。本文综述了果蝇呼吸策略和气孔功能的研究进展,重点介绍了休息、奔跑和飞行动物的气体交换策略。
The respiratory system of insects has evolved to satisfy the oxygen supply during rest and energetically demanding processes such as locomotion. Flapping flight in particular is considered a key trait in insect evolution and requires an increase in metabolic activity of 10–15-fold the resting metabolism. Two major trade-offs are associated with the extensive development of the tracheal system and the function of spiracles in insects: the risk of desiccation because body water may leave the tracheal system when spiracles open for gas exchange and the risk of toxic tracheal oxygen levels at low metabolic activity. In resting animals there is an ongoing debate on the function and evolution of spiracle opening behavior, focusing mainly on discontinuous gas exchange patterns. During locomotion, large insects typically satisfy the increased respiratory requirements by various forms of ventilation, whereas in small insects such as Drosophila diffusive processes are thought to be sufficient. Recent data, however, have shown that during flight even small insects employ ventilatory mechanisms, potentially helping to balance respiratory currents inside the tracheal system. This review broadly summarizes our current knowledge on breathing strategies and spiracle function in the genus Drosophila, highlighting the gas exchange strategies in resting, running and flying animals.
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