Linoleic acid as corpse recognition signal in a social aphid.
Linoleic acid as corpse recognition signal in a social aphid.
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亚油酸作为社会性蚜虫的尸体识别信号。
DOI：
10.1186/s40851-021-00184-w
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发表时间：
2022-01-06
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Fukatsu T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shibao H;Kutsukake M;Matsuyama S;Fukatsu T
群居昆虫群体不断产生死虫，造成卫生问题，并可能滋生致命的病原体和寄生虫。因此，许多群居昆虫进化出了各种卫生行为，以将尸体从群体中清除出去。为此，它们必须区分死昆虫和活昆虫，在这方面，化学线索应该发挥重要作用。在蚂蚁、蜜蜂和白蚁中，这种尸体识别信号，也被称为“死亡信息素”或“死亡激素”，已被确定为脂肪酸，特别是油酸和/或亚油酸。与此同时，还没有关于社会性蚜虫的报道。本研究利用为其开发的人工饲料饲养系统，对一种具有二龄士兵的成瘿社会性蚜虫（Tuberaphis styraci）的“死亡信息素”进行了鉴定。在人工食盘上，士兵表现出典型的清洁行为，不断用头推蜂群废物，以对抗死蚜虫，但不对抗活蚜虫。GC-MS和GC-FID分析显示，与活蚜虫相比，死蚜虫体表亚油酸含量显著增加。将涂有亚油酸或蚜虫体表提取物的玻璃珠放在人工饮食盘中，士兵对玻璃珠表现出清洁行为。一系列的行为分析表明：(1)士兵比非士兵更频繁地表现出清洁行为，(2)年轻士兵比老战士更频繁地表现出清洁行为，(3)亚油酸浓度越高，诱导的清洁行为越积极。从蚜虫中提取的脂质分析表明，亚油酸主要来源于构成细胞膜的磷脂。综上所述，亚油酸可作为社会蚜虫尸体识别因子。在不同的群居昆虫类群（膜翅目、斑翅目和半翅目）中，死亡信息素的共性突出表明，这些不饱和脂肪酸通常是在死亡后由细胞膜的酶解自溶产生的，因此可以作为死亡昆虫的可靠信号。在线版本包含补充材料，可在10.1186/s40851-021-00184-w获得。
Social insect colonies constantly produce dead insects, which cause sanitary problems and potentially foster deadly pathogens and parasites. Hence, many social insects have evolved a variety of hygienic behaviors to remove cadavers from the colonies. To that end, they have to discriminate dead insects from live ones, where chemical cues should play important roles. In ants, bees and termites, such corpse recognition signals, also referred to as “death pheromones” or “necromones”, have been identified as fatty acids, specifically oleic acid and/or linoleic acid. Meanwhile, there has been no such report on social aphids. Here we attempted to identify the “death pheromone” of a gall-forming social aphid with second instar soldiers, Tuberaphis styraci, by making use of an artificial diet rearing system developed for this species. On the artificial diet plates, soldiers exhibited the typical cleaning behavior, pushing colony wastes with their heads continuously, against dead aphids but not against live aphids. GC-MS and GC-FID analyses revealed a remarkable increase of linoleic acid on the body surface of the dead aphids in comparison with the live aphids. When glass beads coated with either linoleic acid or body surface extract of the dead aphids were placed on the artificial diet plates, soldiers exhibited the cleaning behavior against the glass beads. A series of behavioral assays showed that (i) soldiers exhibit the cleaning behavior more frequently than non-soldiers, (ii) young soldiers perform the cleaning behavior more frequently than old soldiers, and (iii) the higher the concentration of linoleic acid is, the more active cleaning behavior is induced. Analysis of the lipids extracted from the aphids revealed that linoleic acid is mainly derived from phospholipids that constitute the cell membranes. In conclusion, we identified linoleic acid as the corpse recognition factor of the social aphid T. styraci. The commonality of the death pheromones across the divergent social insect groups (Hymenoptera, Blattodea and Hemiptera) highlights that these unsaturated fatty acids are generally produced by enzymatic autolysis of cell membranes after death and therefore amenable to utilization as a reliable signal of dead insects. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40851-021-00184-w.
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影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Shibao H;Kutsukake M;Fukatsu T
通讯作者：
Fukatsu T
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Shibao, H;Kutsukake, M;Fukatsu, T
通讯作者：
Fukatsu, T
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.1992.0029
发表时间：
1992-03-23
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
BENTON, TG;FOSTER, WA
通讯作者：
FOSTER, WA
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
Kurosu, U;Narukawa, J;Aoki, S
通讯作者：
Aoki, S
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2008.1628
发表时间：
2009-05-07
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Kutsukake, Mayako;Shibao, Harunobu;Fukatsu, Takema
通讯作者：
Fukatsu, Takema