Mission architecture analysis for manned NEA exploration using MAM method

Mission architecture analysis for manned NEA exploration using MAM method
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使用 MAM 方法进行载人 NEA 探索任务架构分析

DOI:
10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.12.007
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发表时间:
2020-03
期刊:
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Haoran Gu
Haoran Gu
中科院分区:
工程技术3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Liheng Mao;Xiaohui Wang;Yuxian Yue;Haoran Gu

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近地小行星(NEAs)因其科学价值和技术可及性而成为近年来的研究热点。载人近地小行星使命是小行星现场探测的一个很好的选择,也是未来载人深空任务的一个垫脚石。针对现有研究表明,实现近地小行星的简单使命体系结构都要求近地小行星的发射质量超过现有空间运载能力的问题,本文针对近地小行星的使命体系结构分析,采用使命体系结构矩阵(MAM)方法来减小近地小行星的使命质量。基于载人航天器系统设计方法,提出了一系列小近地天体使命体系结构,并根据63个最易到达的小近地天体目标的使命数据,估算了小近地天体的质量尺度。研究发现,采用先进的使命体系结构,通过分离发射、交会对接,可以显著降低LEO的最大发射质量。最初的在轨质量约为300-400公吨(mT),减少到200-250 mT,最大发射质量在几种情况下减少到只有约70-100 mT。这为我们在不久的将来发射载人NEA任务提供了很大的可能性。该方法也可用于其他深空目标的使命质量分析。先进的使命体系结构也对可靠性提出了挑战,可靠性在使命设计中起着另一个关键作用。在今后的工作中,需要保持质量规模和可靠性之间的平衡。
Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs) have become a hot topic these years for their scientific interests and technological accessibility. Manned NEA mission is a good choice for asteroid on-site exploration as well as a stepping stone for future manned deep space missions. Focusing on manned NEAs mission architecture analyzing, this paper uses the mission architecture matrix (MAM) method to reduce mission mass scale, for available studies show that simple mission architectures achieving NEAs all require LEO launching mass exceeding available space carrying capacity. By developing a series of mission architectures based on manned spacecraft system design method, the mass scale is estimated according to mission data of 63 most accessible NEA targets. It is discovered that with advanced mission architectures, maximum LEO launching mass can be significantly reduced by separate launching, rendezvous, and docking. The original on-orbit mass about 300–400 metric tons (mT) is reduced to 200–250 mTs, and the maximum launching mass is reduced to only about 70–100 mTs in several cases. This provides us a high possibility to launch manned NEA missions in the near future. In addition, this method can be used in mission mass scale analysis to other deep space targets. Advanced mission architecture also brings challenges on reliability, which plays another key role in mission design. The balance between mass scale and reliability needs to be kept in future works.
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