Self-Organization of Cellular Units.

Self-Organization of Cellular Units.
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细胞单位的自组织。

DOI:
10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120319-025356
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发表时间:
2021-10-06
影响因子:
11.3
通讯作者:
Field, Christine M.
Field, Christine M.
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mitchison, Timothy J.;Field, Christine M.

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本文以蛙卵提取物为研究对象,探讨了动物细胞质中微管的自组织机制。我们首先回顾自组织和模板机制的亚细胞组织之间的概念区别。然后,我们讨论了自组织机制,产生径向MT阵列和细胞中心的中心体的情况下。这些包括自催化MT成核、负末端的运输以及来自细胞器(如也是动力蛋白货物的黑素体和高尔基体囊泡)的成核。然后,我们讨论的机制,分区细胞质的合胞体,其中多个核共享一个共同的细胞质,胞质分裂开始时,所有后生动物细胞是短暂的合胞体。蛙卵的胞质在胞质分裂之前被两个自组织模块划分,即胞质分裂蛋白调节因子1(PRC 1)-驱动蛋白家族成员4A(KIF 4A)和染色体过客复合物(CPC)-KIF 20 A。类似的模块可以划分更持久的合胞体,例如早期的果蝇胚胎。最后,我们讨论了共享的机制和原则的MT为基础的细胞单位的自组织。
The purpose of this review is to explore self-organizing mechanisms that pattern microtubules (MTs) and spatially organize animal cell cytoplasm, inspired by recent experiments in frog egg extract. We start by reviewing conceptual distinctions between self-organizing and templating mechanisms for subcellular organization. We then discuss self-organizing mechanisms that generate radial MT arrays and cell centers in the absence of centrosomes. These include autocatalytic MT nucleation, transport of minus ends, and nucleation from organelles such as melanosomes and Golgi vesicles that are also dynein cargoes. We then discuss mechanisms that partition the cytoplasm in syncytia, in which multiple nuclei share a common cytoplasm, starting with cytokinesis, when all metazoan cells are transiently syncytial. The cytoplasm of frog eggs is partitioned prior to cytokinesis by two self-organizing modules, protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1)-kinesin family member 4A (KIF4A) and chromosome passenger complex (CPC)-KIF20A. Similar modules may partition longer-lasting syncytia, such as early Drosophila embryos. We end by discussing shared mechanisms and principles for the MT-based self-organization of cellular units.
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