Developmental exposure to concentrated ambient particles and preference for immediate reward in mice.
Developmental exposure to concentrated ambient particles and preference for immediate reward in mice.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.1205505
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发表时间：
2013-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Cory-Slechta DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Allen JL;Conrad K;Oberdörster G;Johnston CJ;Sleezer B;Cory-Slechta DA
背景：最近的流行病学研究表明，不同类型的空气污染物与儿童和成人的认知功能以及儿童注意力缺陷之间存在负相关。神经炎症和氧化应激是空气污染物可能对大脑产生不利影响的两种可能的生物学机制。目的：我们试图确定，在生命的头两周，单独或再次暴露在环境中的浓缩性颗粒物(CAPS)是否会改变对延迟奖赏的反应，这是人类决策的关键组成部分。对直接奖励的更大偏好被认为是几种精神障碍、成瘾、肥胖和注意力缺陷的一个组成部分。方法：C57BL/6J小鼠在出生后(第4-7天和10-13天)暴露于超细颗粒物(空气动力学直径100 nm；CAPS)或过滤空气中，成鼠暴露时间为56-60天。在成年期，使用固定比率等待奖励(FR WAIT)范式来评估延迟行为，在该范式中，需要25个响应(FR25)来启动等待奖励成分，在此期间，小鼠获得“免费的”蔗糖粒，并规定这些“免费的”粒以递增的延迟间隔递送。结果：再加上FR反应率的增加，暴露于出生后帽子的小鼠表现出恢复短延迟的FR重置增加，这表明尽管FR25的反应成本增加，但小鼠更倾向于更短的延迟。没有观察到运动活动的相关变化。结论：出生后暴露于CAPS会增加对即刻回报的偏向，这是几种中枢神经系统(CNS)疾病的危险因素。这种增强似乎不是多动症的结果。这些发现强调了进一步评估空气污染对中枢神经系统的影响及其对中枢神经系统疾病和障碍的潜在贡献的必要性。
Background: Recent epidemiological studies indicate negative associations between a diverse group of air pollutants and cognitive functioning in children and adults, and aspects of attention deficit in children. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are two putative biological mechanisms by which air pollutants may adversely affect the brain. Objectives: We sought to determine whether exposure to concentrated ambient particulate matter (CAPS) during the first 2 weeks of life, alone or again in adulthood, could alter responding for delayed reward, a critical component of human decision making. Greater preference for immediate reward has been implicated as a component of several psychiatric disorders, addiction, obesity, and attention deficit. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were exposed to ultrafine particles (< 100 nm in aerodynamic diameter; CAPS) using the Harvard University Concentrated Ambient Particle System (HUCAPS) or filtered air in the postnatal period (days 4–7 and 10–13) with and without adult exposure over days 56–60. In adulthood, delay behavior was assessed using a fixed-ratio waiting-for-reward (FR wait) paradigm in which 25 responses (FR25) were required to initiate the waiting-for-reward component during which mice obtained “free” sucrose pellets with the stipulation that these “free” pellets were delivered at increasing delay intervals. Results: Coupled with increased FR response rates, mice exposed to postnatal CAPS displayed increased FR resets that reinstated short delays, indicating a preference for shorter delays, despite the added response cost of the FR25. No associated changes in locomotor activity were observed. Conclusions: Postnatal CAPS exposure produces an enhanced bias towards immediate rewards, a risk factor for several central nervous system (CNS) disorders. This enhancement does not appear to be the result of hyperactivity. The findings underscore the need for further evaluation of air pollution effects on the CNS and its potential contribution to CNS diseases and disorders.
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超铁颗粒在空气颗粒质量与心血管健康之间关联中的潜在作用。
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Delfino RJ;Sioutas C;Malik S
通讯作者：
Malik S
影响因子：
13.5
作者：
Bickel, Warren K.;Jarmolowicz, David P.;Mueller, E. Terry;Koffarnus, Mikhail N.;Gatchalian, Kirstin M.
通讯作者：
Gatchalian, Kirstin M.
DOI：
10.1165/ajrcmb.25.3.4445
发表时间：
2001-09-01
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
Fujii, T;Hayashi, S;Van Eeden, SF
通讯作者：
Van Eeden, SF
DOI：
10.1152/ajplung.00027.2006
发表时间：
2006-10-01
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Fanucchi, Michelle V.;Plopper, Charles G.;Schelegle, Edward S.
通讯作者：
Schelegle, Edward S.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Gonzalez-Pina, Rigoberto;Escalante-Membrillo, Carmen;Gonzalez-Maciel, Angelica
通讯作者：
Gonzalez-Maciel, Angelica