Action to Language via the Mirror Neuron System: The role of vocal tract gestural action units in understanding the evolution of phonology
Action to Language via the Mirror Neuron System: The role of vocal tract gestural action units in understanding the evolution of phonology
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通过镜像神经元系统对语言的动作：声道手势动作单元在理解音系进化中的作用
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Saltzman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Goldstein;D. Byrd;E. Saltzman
语言可以被看作是一种认知单位的结构，可以在个体之间传递，以达到交流信息的目的。认知单位之间存在着特定的、系统的关系，语言学家对这些认知单位的特征和这些认知单位之间关系的性质很感兴趣。两者都可以在不同的粒度级别上进行检查。长期以来，人们观察到语言在句法和音系上表现出不同的单位模式。这种区别是语言的普遍特征，被称为模式的二元性（Hockett，1960）。语义是指通过分层组织按顺序对单词进行结构化，其中单词是属于无限扩展集合的有意义单元。但是单词也是由结构化的认知单位组成的。音系学构建了一个小的、封闭的、可重组的、无意义的组成单词（或符号，在有符号的语言中）的单位集。正是使用了一组无意义的任意离散单位，才使得创造单词具有生产力。[1]在本章中，我们提出了一种观点，认为句法和音系的进化起源于不同的源头，最终汇聚成一种共生关系。模式的二元性构成了这个提议的智力基础。正如阿尔比布（本书第一章）所指出的，早期原始人的抓握和其他手的姿势，非常适合于提供一种从图像到象征的联系。重要的是，手势的标志性方面为它们提供了一个有意义的方面，这对符号单位系统的进化至关重要。然而，我们将认为，鉴于模式的二重性，语音进化至关重要的是需要出现有效的无意义的组合单位。我们认为，声道动作手势非常适合在语音进化中发挥直接作用，因为正如Studdert-Kennedy（2002 a）所指出的那样，它们是
Language can be viewed as a structuring of cognitive units that can be transmitted among individuals for the purpose of communicating information. Cognitive units stand in specific and systematic relationships with one another, and linguists are interested in the characterization of these units and the nature of these relationships. Both can be examined at various levels of granularity. It has long been observed that languages exhibit distinct patterning of units in syntax and in phonology. This distinction, a universal characteristic of language, is termed duality of patterning (Hockett, 1960). Syntax refers to the structuring of words in sequence via hierarchical organization, where words are meaningful units belonging to an infinitely expandable set. But words also are composed of structured cognitive units. Phonology structures a small, closed set of recombinable, non-meaningful units that compose words (or signs, in the case of signed languages). It is precisely the use of a set of non-meaningful arbitrary discrete units that allows word creation to be productive. 1 In this chapter we outline a proposal that views the evolution of syntax and of phonology as arising from different sources and ultimately converging in a symbiotic relationship. Duality of patterning forms the intellectual basis for this proposal. Grasp and other manual gestures in early hominids are, as Arbib (Chapter 1, this volume) notes, well suited to provide a link from the iconic to the symbolic. Critically, the iconic aspects of manual gestures lend them a meaningful aspect that is critical to evolution of a system of symbolic units. However, we will argue that, given duality of patterning, phonological evolution crucially requires the emergence of effectively non-meaningful combinatorial units. We suggest that vocal tract action gestures are well suited to play a direct role in phonological evolution because, as argued by Studdert-Kennedy (2002a), they are
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DOI：
10.1037//0096-1523.17.3.816
发表时间：
1991
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance
影响因子：
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作者：
Fowler,CA;Dekle,DJ
通讯作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2003-04
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance
影响因子：
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作者：
B. Fajen;W. H. Warren
通讯作者：
B. Fajen;W. H. Warren
言语手势的感知。
DOI：
10.1121/1.423253
发表时间：
1998
期刊：
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
影响因子：
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作者：
Surprenant,AM;Goldstein,L
通讯作者：
Goldstein,L
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
E. Saltzman;J. Kelso
通讯作者：
E. Saltzman;J. Kelso
DOI：
10.1044/jshr.3806.1199
发表时间：
1995-12-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF SPEECH AND HEARING RESEARCH
影响因子：
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作者：
DAVIS, BL;MACNEILAGE, PF
通讯作者：
MACNEILAGE, PF