MAF2 Is Regulated by Temperature-Dependent Splicing and Represses Flowering at Low Temperatures in Parallel with FLM.
MAF2 Is Regulated by Temperature-Dependent Splicing and Represses Flowering at Low Temperatures in Parallel with FLM.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0126516
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Davies B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Airoldi CA;McKay M;Davies B
当环境条件有利于成功产生后代时，植物进入其生殖阶段。从营养生长阶段到生殖阶段的转变受到包括环境温度在内的多种环境因素的影响。在模式植物拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）中，短营养期（SVP）对该途径至关重要; svp突变体不能改变其开花时间以响应环境温度。SVP编码一个MADS盒转录因子，直接抑制促进开花的基因。SVP结合DNA与其他MADS盒转录因子，包括FLOWERLOCUS M（FLM），它与SVP一起作用，在低温下抑制花的转变。微小的温度变化通过温度依赖性选择性剪接（TD-AS）在转录后调节FLM。随着环境温度的升高，主要的FLM剪接异构体转变为编码不能对开花产生抑制作用的蛋白质。在这里，我们描述了一个密切相关的MADS盒转录因子，MADS影响开花2（MAF 2），独立发展TD-AS。在低温下，最丰富的MAF 2剪接变体编码与SVP相互作用以抑制开花的蛋白质。在升高的温度下，剪接异构体的相对丰度发生变化，有利于引入提前终止密码子的内含子保留变体。我们发现，这种亚型编码的蛋白质不能与SVP相互作用或抑制开花。在较低温度下，MAF 2和SVP与FLM和SVP平行抑制开花，提供额外的输入以感测环境温度以控制开花。
Plants enter their reproductive phase when the environmental conditions are favourable for the successful production of progeny. The transition from vegetative to reproductive phase is influenced by several environmental factors including ambient temperature. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) is critical for this pathway; svp mutants cannot modify their flowering time in response to ambient temperature. SVP encodes a MADS-box transcription factor that directly represses genes that promote flowering. SVP binds DNA in complexes with other MADS-box transcription factors, including FLOWERING LOCUS M (FLM), which acts with SVP to repress the floral transition at low temperatures. Small temperature changes post-transcriptionally regulate FLM through temperature-dependent alternative splicing (TD-AS). As ambient temperature increases, the predominant FLM splice isoform shifts to encode a protein incapable of exerting a repressive effect on flowering. Here we characterize a closely related MADS-box transcription factor, MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING2 (MAF2), which has independently evolved TD-AS. At low temperatures the most abundant MAF2 splice variant encodes a protein that interacts with SVP to repress flowering. At increased temperature the relative abundance of splice isoforms shifts in favour of an intron-retaining variant that introduces a premature termination codon. We show that this isoform encodes a protein that cannot interact with SVP or repress flowering. At lower temperatures MAF2 and SVP repress flowering in parallel with FLM and SVP, providing an additional input to sense ambient temperature for the control of flowering.
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