Identifying global hotspots of avian trailing-edge population diversity

Identifying global hotspots of avian trailing-edge population diversity
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确定鸟类后缘种群多样性的全球热点

DOI:
10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00915
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
Chandler, Richard B.
Chandler, Richard B.
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Merker, Samuel A.;Chandler, Richard B.

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气候变化导致许多物种的分布范围向极地和更高的海拔地区转移。移动范围的低纬度边缘附近的后缘种群被预测为气候引起的灭绝的高风险,但保护工作受到缺乏有关后缘种群全球分布的信息的阻碍。我们使用了一个大型的空间数据集,几乎所有现存的鸟类物种的范围,以确定潜在的热点,后缘人口占总鸟类的很大比例。我们通过隔离和覆盖物种分布范围的低纬度地区,并计算由低纬度种群组成的地点的总物种丰富度的比例,确定了潜在的后缘种群热点。我们确定了除南极洲以外所有大陆的潜在热点。潜在的后缘人口多样性最高的赤道附近,低纬度边缘的山脉,沙漠边缘,和沿着海岸线。由于潜在的后缘人口热点可能不是一个实际的后缘人口热点,如果低纬度人口没有下降,人口趋势的信息是必要的确认。作为一个案例研究,我们集中在一个确定的热点,南阿巴拉契亚山脉,我们的分析表明,30种鸟类有潜在的后缘种群。尽管在阿巴拉契亚山脉进行的人口研究比我们确定的大多数其他潜在热点地区都要多,但这些物种发生的高海拔地区的信息不足,无法对人口下降做出强有力的推断。我们的研究强调,需要共同努力,收集更多关于我们确定为后缘人口多样性潜在热点地区人口趋势的信息。
Climate change is causing the ranges of many species to shift poleward and to higher elevations. Trailing-edge populations near the low-latitude edge of a shifting range are predicted to be at high risk of climate-induced extinction, but conservation efforts are hindered by a lack of information about the global distribution of trailing-edge populations. We used a large spatial dataset on the ranges of nearly all extant avian species to identify potential hotspots where trailing-edge populations represent a large proportion of the total avifauna. We identified potential trailing-edge population hotspots by isolating and overlaying low latitude regions of species’ ranges, and computing the proportion of total species richness in a location comprised of low-latitude populations. We identified potential hotspots on all continents other than Antarctica. Potential trailing-edge population diversity was highest near the equator, low-latitude margins of mountain ranges, desert edges, and along coastlines. Because a potential trailing-edge population hotspot might not be an actual trailing-edge population hotspot if the low-latitude populations are not declining, information on population trends is necessary for confirmation. As a case study, we focused on one of the identified hotspots, the Southern Appalachian Mountains, where our analysis indicated that 30 bird species have potential trailing-edge populations. Even though more population studies have been conducted in the Appalachian Mountains than in most of the other potential hotspots that we identified, there was insufficient information available from the high elevations where these species occur to make strong inferences about population declines. Our research highlights the need for a concerted effort to gather more information about population trends in the regions we identified as potential hotspots of trailing-edge population diversity.
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