Control of sleep and wakefulness.
Control of sleep and wakefulness.
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DOI：
10.1152/physrev.00032.2011
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发表时间：
2012-07
影响因子：
33.6
通讯作者：
McCarley RW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown RE;Basheer R;McKenna JT;Strecker RE;McCarley RW
本综述总结了控制睡眠和觉醒的大脑机制。促进觉醒的系统会导致脑电图（EEG）出现低电压、快速的活动。脑干、下丘脑和基底前脑中多种相互作用的神经递质系统汇聚到丘脑和大脑皮层的共同效应系统。下丘脑视前区的腺苷、一氧化氮和 GABA 能神经元等平衡睡眠因子抑制了促进觉醒的系统，从而导致大振幅、缓慢的脑电图振荡，这就是睡眠的结果。依赖于活动的局部因素会调节大脑皮层慢速振荡的振幅和频率。非快速眼动（NREM）睡眠可节约大脑能量，并通过调节突触权重促进记忆巩固。快速眼动（REM）睡眠是脑干胆碱能、胺能和 GABA 能神经元相互作用的结果，这些神经元控制着谷氨酸能网状结构神经元的活动，导致肌肉失张力、快速眼动、做梦和皮质激活等快速眼动睡眠现象。快速眼动睡眠期间边缘区的强烈激活表明，快速眼动睡眠在情绪调节方面发挥着作用。遗传学研究表明，控制清醒和快速眼动睡眠的大脑机制在整个进化过程中都得到了很好的保留，凸显了它们对大脑功能的巨大重要性。睡眠中断会干扰 NREM 和 REM 睡眠的正常恢复功能，导致呼吸和心血管功能紊乱、情绪反应性改变，以及注意力、记忆力和决策制定方面的认知障碍。
This review summarizes the brain mechanisms controlling sleep and wakefulness. Wakefulness promoting systems cause low-voltage, fast activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Multiple interacting neurotransmitter systems in the brain stem, hypothalamus, and basal forebrain converge onto common effector systems in the thalamus and cortex. Sleep results from the inhibition of wake-promoting systems by homeostatic sleep factors such as adenosine and nitric oxide and GABAergic neurons in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus, resulting in large-amplitude, slow EEG oscillations. Local, activity-dependent factors modulate the amplitude and frequency of cortical slow oscillations. Non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep results in conservation of brain energy and facilitates memory consolidation through the modulation of synaptic weights. Rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep results from the interaction of brain stem cholinergic, aminergic, and GABAergic neurons which control the activity of glutamatergic reticular formation neurons leading to REM sleep phenomena such as muscle atonia, REMs, dreaming, and cortical activation. Strong activation of limbic regions during REM sleep suggests a role in regulation of emotion. Genetic studies suggest that brain mechanisms controlling waking and NREM sleep are strongly conserved throughout evolution, underscoring their enormous importance for brain function. Sleep disruption interferes with the normal restorative functions of NREM and REM sleep, resulting in disruptions of breathing and cardiovascular function, changes in emotional reactivity, and cognitive impairments in attention, memory, and decision making.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Adamantidis, Antoine R.;Zhang, Feng;De Lecea, Luis
通讯作者：
De Lecea, Luis
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Alam, MN;Gong, H;Szymusiak, R
通讯作者：
Szymusiak, R
DOI：
10.1152/ajpregu.1995.269.5.r1240
发表时间：
1995-11-01
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
ALAM, MN;MCGINTY, D;SZYMUSIAK, R
通讯作者：
SZYMUSIAK, R
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Achermann, P;Borbély, AA
通讯作者：
Borbély, AA
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Aghajanian, GK;Marek, GJ
通讯作者：
Marek, GJ