Molecular xenomonitoring using mosquitoes to map lymphatic filariasis after mass drug administration in American Samoa.
Molecular xenomonitoring using mosquitoes to map lymphatic filariasis after mass drug administration in American Samoa.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0003087
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发表时间：
2014-08
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Won KY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schmaedick MA;Koppel AL;Pilotte N;Torres M;Williams SA;Dobson SL;Lammie PJ;Won KY
Mass drug administration (MDA) programs have dramatically reduced lymphatic filariasis (LF) incidence in many areas around the globe, including American Samoa. As infection rates decline and MDA programs end, efficient and sensitive methods for detecting infections are needed to monitor for recrudescence. Molecular methods, collectively termed ‘molecular xenomonitoring,’ can identify parasite DNA or RNA in human blood-feeding mosquitoes. We tested mosquitoes trapped throughout the inhabited islands of American Samoa to identify areas of possible continuing LF transmission after completion of MDA. Mosquitoes were collected using BG Sentinel traps from most of the villages on American Samoa's largest island, Tutuila, and all major villages on the smaller islands of Aunu'u, Ofu, Olosega, and Ta'u. Real-time PCR was used to detect Wuchereria bancrofti DNA in pools of ≤20 mosquitoes, and PoolScreen software was used to infer territory-wide prevalences of W. bancrofti DNA in the mosquitoes. Wuchereria bancrofti DNA was found in mosquitoes from 16 out of the 27 village areas sampled on Tutuila and Aunu'u islands but none of the five villages on the Manu'a islands of Ofu, Olosega, and Ta'u. The overall 95% confidence interval estimate for W. bancrofti DNA prevalence in the LF vector Ae. polynesiensis was 0.20–0.39%, and parasite DNA was also detected in pools of Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, and Aedes (Finlaya) spp. Our results suggest low but widespread prevalence of LF on Tutuila and Aunu'u where 98% of the population resides, but not Ofu, Olosega, and Ta'u islands. Molecular xenomonitoring can help identify areas of possible LF transmission, but its use in the LF elimination program in American Samoa is limited by the need for more efficient mosquito collection methods and a better understanding of the relationship between prevalence of W. bancrofti DNA in mosquitoes and infection and transmission rates in humans. Lymphatic filariasis (LF), a mosquito-borne parasitic disease, has been targeted for elimination in many countries since the introduction of mass drug administration (MDA) programs using two-drug combinations along with improved diagnostic methods. Sensitive molecular methods detecting parasite DNA in pools of mosquitoes, along with efficient mosquito collection methods, can help identify sites of continuing LF transmission that may require further treatment after MDA has eliminated transmission in most areas. We tested mosquitoes from villages throughout American Samoa after the conclusion of a series of annual MDAs. Widespread but low prevalence of parasite DNA in mosquitoes from two of the five islands suggested continued occurrence of LF. In this study, parasite DNA detection in mosquitoes helped identify areas where human infections exist and additional treatment may be needed. In the future, development of more efficient mosquito collection methods for local species would facilitate larger sample sizes and more precise estimates of prevalence. In addition, developing a better understanding of the epidemiological significance of parasite DNA prevalence in the local mosquitoes will increase the operational value of those estimates for LF elimination programs.
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DOI：
10.1186/1475-2883-3-9
发表时间：
2004-09-03
期刊：
Filaria journal
影响因子：
--
作者：
Lammie, Patrick J;Weil, Gary;Ottesen, Eric
通讯作者：
Ottesen, Eric
DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.2007.76.502
发表时间：
2007-03-01
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Fischer, Peter;Erickson, Sara M.;Weil, Gary J.
通讯作者：
Weil, Gary J.
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Chu BK;Deming M;Biritwum NK;Bougma WR;Dorkenoo AM;El-Setouhy M;Fischer PU;Gass K;Gonzalez de Peña M;Mercado-Hernandez L;Kyelem D;Lammie PJ;Flueckiger RM;Mwingira UJ;Noordin R;Offei Owusu I;Ottesen EA;Pavluck A;Pilotte N;Rao RU;Samarasekera D;Schmaedick MA;Settinayake S;Simonsen PE;Supali T;Taleo F;Torres M;Weil GJ;Won KY
通讯作者：
Won KY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Burkot, TR;Taleo, G;Ichimori, K
通讯作者：
Ichimori, K
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Erickson, Sara M.;Fischer, Kerstin;Fischer, Peter U.
通讯作者：
Fischer, Peter U.