A neuromechanical model explaining forward and backward stepping in the stick insect.
A neuromechanical model explaining forward and backward stepping in the stick insect.
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解释竹节虫前进和后退的神经力学模型
DOI：
10.1152/jn.01124.2011
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Daun-Gruhn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daun-Gruhn
台阶产生的机制一直是深入研究的对象。步法涉及不同腿部关节的协调运动，对于昆虫来说，它是由相互对抗的肌肉对产生的。在杆状昆虫中，三个这样的对抗性肌肉对的协调动作会产生腿部运动，并决定肢体的步态。肌肉的活动由整个神经系统控制，更具体地说，是由每对肌肉的局部神经网络控制的。虽然这些调控机制的许多基本性质已经被揭开，但它们在各种生理条件下相互作用的一些重要细节到目前为止还不清楚。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个牵引肌-牵引肌和提肌-降压肌耦合神经肌肉系统的神经力学模型，并用它来解释它们在向前和向后行走过程中协调行动的细节。在向下运动的过程中，股骨的一个临界角触发了从伸展到缩回的转换。该角度表示集成了载荷、运动和地面接触的感觉输入。使用该模型，我们可以对局部神经元网络的中央模式生成器如何产生有节奏的步进、如何将这种活动传递到相应的运动神经元以及后者如何控制相关肌肉的活动提出详细的建议。这些过程的整体产生了系统的神经元和机械部分之间的协调相互作用。此外，我们提出了一种运动神经元活动可以被运动前网络改变的机制，并建议该机制可能作为快速适应行为的基础，比如在昆虫的曲线行走，特别是急转弯时，在前进和后退之间进行切换。
The mechanism underlying the generation of stepping has been the object of intensive studies. Stepping involves the coordinated movement of different leg joints and is, in the case of insects, produced by antagonistic muscle pairs. In the stick insect, the coordinated actions of three such antagonistic muscle pairs produce leg movements and determine the stepping pattern of the limb. The activity of the muscles is controlled by the nervous system as a whole and more specifically by local neuronal networks for each muscle pair. While many basic properties of these control mechanisms have been uncovered, some important details of their interactions in various physiological conditions have so far remained unknown. In this study, we present a neuromechanical model of the coupled protractor-retractor and levator-depressor neuromuscular systems and use it to elucidate details of their coordinated actions during forward and backward walking. The switch from protraction to retraction is evoked at a critical angle of the femur during downward movement. This angle represents a sensory input that integrates load, motion, and ground contact. Using the model, we can make detailed suggestions as to how rhythmic stepping might be generated by the central pattern generators of the local neuronal networks, how this activity might be transmitted to the corresponding motoneurons, and how the latter might control the activity of the related muscles. The entirety of these processes yields the coordinated interaction between neuronal and mechanical parts of the system. Moreover, we put forward a mechanism by which motoneuron activity could be modified by a premotor network and suggest that this mechanism might serve as a basis for fast adaptive behavior, like switches between forward and backward stepping, which occur, for example, during curve walking, and especially sharp turning, of insects.
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姿势和运动的负载传感和控制。
影响因子：
2
作者：
S. Zill;J. Schmitz;A. Büschges
通讯作者：
A. Büschges
竹节虫 Carausius morosus 的胫骨钟状感器编码力的增加和减少
DOI：
10.1007/s00359-011-0647-4
发表时间：
2011
期刊：
Journal of Comparative Physiology A
影响因子：
--
作者：
S. Zill;A. Büschges;J. Schmitz
通讯作者：
J. Schmitz
昆虫的适应性运动行为
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
R. Ritzmann;A. Büschges
通讯作者：
A. Büschges
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Akay, Turgay;Ludwar, Bjoern Ch.;Bueschges, Ansgar
通讯作者：
Bueschges, Ansgar
竹节虫基本行为的神经基础
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1983
期刊：
Studies of Brain Function
影响因子：
--
作者：
Professor Dr. Ulrich Bässler
通讯作者：
Professor Dr. Ulrich Bässler