Chemical composition and biological effects of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): In vitro studies with implications for efficacy and drug interactions.

Chemical composition and biological effects of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): In vitro studies with implications for efficacy and drug interactions.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41598-020-76119-w
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发表时间:
2020-11-05
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Cech NB
Cech NB
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Todd DA;Kellogg JJ;Wallace ED;Khin M;Flores-Bocanegra L;Tanna RS;McIntosh S;Raja HA;Graf TN;Hemby SE;Paine MF;Oberlies NH;Cech NB

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Kratom(Mitragyna speciosa)用于治疗疼痛的安全性和有效性存在很大争议。Kratom产生超过40结构相关的生物碱,但大多数研究都集中在其中两个,mitragynine和7-hydroxymitragynine。在这里,我们使用非靶向LC-MS代谢组学分析了53种商业kratom产品,揭示了两种不同的化学类型,其中含有不同水平的生物碱刺叶绿碱。两种化学型均用DNA条形码确认为M。speciosa。为了评估kratom中可变speciofoline水平的生物学相关性,我们比较了speciofoline,mitragynine和7-hydroxymitragynine的阿片受体结合活性。Mitragynine和7-hydroxymitragynine作为人μ-阿片受体的部分激动剂发挥作用,而speciofoline在μ-、δ-或β-阿片受体上不表现出可测量的结合亲和力。重要的是,mitragynine和7-hydroxymitragynine表现出对G蛋白信号传导的功能选择性,没有可测量的β-抑制蛋白的募集。总的来说,该研究证明了kratom生物碱的独特结合和功能特征,表明其在疼痛管理方面具有潜在的实用性,但需要进一步的研究来跟进这些体外研究结果。测试的所有三种kratom生物碱都抑制了选定的细胞色素P450酶,这表明当kratom与这些酶代谢的药物共同消耗时,存在不良相互作用的潜在风险。
The safety and efficacy of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) for treatment of pain is highly controversial. Kratom produces more than 40 structurally related alkaloids, but most studies have focused on just two of these, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. Here, we profiled 53 commercial kratom products using untargeted LC–MS metabolomics, revealing two distinct chemotypes that contain different levels of the alkaloid speciofoline. Both chemotypes were confirmed with DNA barcoding to be M. speciosa. To evaluate the biological relevance of variable speciofoline levels in kratom, we compared the opioid receptor binding activity of speciofoline, mitragynine, and 7-hydroxymitragynine. Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine function as partial agonists of the human µ-opioid receptor, while speciofoline does not exhibit measurable binding affinity at the µ-, δ- or ƙ-opioid receptors. Importantly, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine demonstrate functional selectivity for G-protein signaling, with no measurable recruitment of β-arrestin. Overall, the study demonstrates the unique binding and functional profiles of the kratom alkaloids, suggesting potential utility for managing pain, but further studies are needed to follow up on these in vitro findings. All three kratom alkaloids tested inhibited select cytochrome P450 enzymes, suggesting a potential risk for adverse interactions when kratom is co-consumed with drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
DOI: 10.3390/molecules16097344
发表时间: 2011-08-29
期刊: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
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