Chemical composition and biological effects of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): In vitro studies with implications for efficacy and drug interactions.
Chemical composition and biological effects of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): In vitro studies with implications for efficacy and drug interactions.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41598-020-76119-w
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发表时间:
2020-11-05
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Cech NB
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Todd DA;Kellogg JJ;Wallace ED;Khin M;Flores-Bocanegra L;Tanna RS;McIntosh S;Raja HA;Graf TN;Hemby SE;Paine MF;Oberlies NH;Cech NB
The safety and efficacy of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) for treatment of pain is highly controversial. Kratom produces more than 40 structurally related alkaloids, but most studies have focused on just two of these, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. Here, we profiled 53 commercial kratom products using untargeted LC–MS metabolomics, revealing two distinct chemotypes that contain different levels of the alkaloid speciofoline. Both chemotypes were confirmed with DNA barcoding to be M. speciosa. To evaluate the biological relevance of variable speciofoline levels in kratom, we compared the opioid receptor binding activity of speciofoline, mitragynine, and 7-hydroxymitragynine. Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine function as partial agonists of the human µ-opioid receptor, while speciofoline does not exhibit measurable binding affinity at the µ-, δ- or ƙ-opioid receptors. Importantly, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine demonstrate functional selectivity for G-protein signaling, with no measurable recruitment of β-arrestin. Overall, the study demonstrates the unique binding and functional profiles of the kratom alkaloids, suggesting potential utility for managing pain, but further studies are needed to follow up on these in vitro findings. All three kratom alkaloids tested inhibited select cytochrome P450 enzymes, suggesting a potential risk for adverse interactions when kratom is co-consumed with drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
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DOI:
10.3390/molecules16097344
发表时间:
2011-08-29
期刊:
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
影响因子:
--
作者:
Kong WM;Chik Z;Ramachandra M;Subramaniam U;Aziddin RE;Mohamed Z
通讯作者:
Mohamed Z
影响因子:
1.8
作者:
Ali, Zulfiqar;Demiray, Hatice;Khan, Ikhlas A.
通讯作者:
Khan, Ikhlas A.
DOI:
10.1039/ct9211900887
发表时间:
1921-01-01
期刊:
JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY
影响因子:
--
作者:
Field, E
通讯作者:
Field, E
影响因子:
2.2
作者:
Kikura-Hanajiri, Ruri;Kawamura, Maiko;Goda, Yukihiro
通讯作者:
Goda, Yukihiro
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.0503123102
发表时间:
2005-06-07
影响因子:
11.1
作者:
Kress, WJ;Wurdack, KJ;Janzen, DH
通讯作者:
Janzen, DH