Assessing the impact of incomplete species sampling on estimates of speciation and extinction rates

Assessing the impact of incomplete species sampling on estimates of speciation and extinction rates
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评估不完整的物种采样对物种形成和灭绝率估计的影响

DOI:
10.1017/pab.2020.12
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
2.7
通讯作者:
Stadler, Tanja
Stadler, Tanja
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Warnock, Rachel C.;Heath, Tracy A.;Stadler, Tanja

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估计物种形成和灭绝速度对于了解过去和现在的生物多样性至关重要,但鉴于岩石和化石记录的不完整性,这是具有挑战性的。对这一主题的兴趣导致了一套不同的独立方法——基于采样地层范围的古生物学估计和基于观察到的现存物种系统发育中的分支时间的系统发育估计。化石出生-死亡(FBD)过程是一个模型,它明确承认系统发育树和样本化石中的分支事件是由相同的潜在多样化过程产生的。这个模型的一个关键优势是它包含了一些物种可能永远不会被采样的可能性。在这里,我们提出了一个FBD模型,该模型可以在化石分类群的潜在系统发育未知的情况下,从地层范围数据估计树木的多样化率。该模型可以应用于只有分类鉴定的化石的发生数据,但仍然不能解释数据的不完整的系统发育结构。我们使用模拟测试了这个新模型,并关注了不完整的化石回收如何影响推断。我们将我们的方法与不包含不完整物种采样的系统发育模型和三种用于估计多样化率的基于化石的替代方法进行了比较,包括广泛实施的跨界方法和三时间方法。我们的模拟结果表明,在FBD模型下的估计比其他方法更稳健,更准确,特别是当化石数据稀疏时,因为FBD模型明确地包含了不完整的物种采样。
Estimating speciation and extinction rates is essential for understanding past and present biodiversity, but is challenging given the incompleteness of the rock and fossil records. Interest in this topic has led to a divergent suite of independent methods—paleontological estimates based on sampled stratigraphic ranges and phylogenetic estimates based on the observed branching times in a given phylogeny of living species. The fossilized birth–death (FBD) process is a model that explicitly recognizes that the branching events in a phylogenetic tree and sampled fossils were generated by the same underlying diversification process. A crucial advantage of this model is that it incorporates the possibility that some species may never be sampled. Here, we present an FBD model that estimates tree-wide diversification rates from stratigraphic range data when the underlying phylogeny of the fossil taxa may be unknown. The model can be applied when only occurrence data for taxonomically identified fossils are available, but still accounts for the incomplete phylogenetic structure of the data. We tested this new model using simulations and focused on how inferences are impacted by incomplete fossil recovery. We compared our approach with a phylogenetic model that does not incorporate incomplete species sampling and to three fossil-based alternatives for estimating diversification rates, including the widely implemented boundary-crosser and three-timer methods. The results of our simulations demonstrate that estimates under the FBD model are robust and more accurate than the alternative methods, particularly when fossil data are sparse, as the FBD model incorporates incomplete species sampling explicitly.
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DOI: 10.1111/pala.12274
发表时间: 2017
期刊: Palaeontology
影响因子: 2.6
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发表时间: 2018
影响因子: 16.6
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期刊: PALEOBIOLOGY
影响因子: 2.7
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