Visual system assessment for predicting a transition to psychosis.
Visual system assessment for predicting a transition to psychosis.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/s41398-022-02111-9
复制
发表时间：
2022-08-29
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Keane, Brian P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Diamond, Alexander;Silverstein, Steven M.;Keane, Brian P.
精神病学领域在预测哪些个体会转变为精神障碍方面还远远不够完美。在这里，我们认为视觉系统评估可以在这方面提供帮助。这种评估在首次精神病发作之前或附近的个体中产生了中等到较大的组差异，或者在更多慢性患者的更大样本中显示疾病持续时间的影响很小。例如，自我报告的视觉知觉扭曲——所谓的视觉基本症状——发生在三分之二的非情感性精神病患者身上，这已经预示着精神分裂症即将发作。可能的预测性心理物理标记包括增强的对比敏感度、延长的向后掩蔽、减弱的共线促进、降低的立体深度知觉、受损的轮廓和形状整合以及空间限制的探索性眼球运动。有希望的基于大脑的标记包括视觉丘脑-皮质超连通性，视觉检测（MEG）期间枕部伽马带功率降低，以及视觉诱发枕部P1振幅（EEG）降低。潜在的预测性视网膜标记包括锥体a波和b波振幅的减弱以及视网膜电图期间光闪烁反应的减弱。上述评估通常是很好的描述机制，这意味着他们的发现可以很容易地阐明在精神病过渡之前或伴随的潜在病理生理变化。特别是视网膜和心理物理评估价格低廉，耐受性好，易于管理，简短，几乎没有纳入/排除标准。因此，从现象学到行为学，再到大脑和视网膜功能，在所有主要的分析层面上，视觉系统评估可以补充和改进现有的预测哪些个体会发展为精神障碍的方法。
The field of psychiatry is far from perfect in predicting which individuals will transition to a psychotic disorder. Here, we argue that visual system assessment can help in this regard. Such assessments have generated medium-to-large group differences with individuals prior to or near the first psychotic episode or have shown little influence of illness duration in larger samples of more chronic patients. For example, self-reported visual perceptual distortions—so-called visual basic symptoms—occur in up to 2/3rds of those with non-affective psychosis and have already longitudinally predicted an impending onset of schizophrenia. Possibly predictive psychophysical markers include enhanced contrast sensitivity, prolonged backward masking, muted collinear facilitation, reduced stereoscopic depth perception, impaired contour and shape integration, and spatially restricted exploratory eye movements. Promising brain-based markers include visual thalamo-cortical hyperconnectivity, decreased occipital gamma band power during visual detection (MEG), and reduced visually evoked occipital P1 amplitudes (EEG). Potentially predictive retinal markers include diminished cone a- and b-wave amplitudes and an attenuated photopic flicker response during electroretinography. The foregoing assessments are often well-described mechanistically, implying that their findings could readily shed light on the underlying pathophysiological changes that precede or accompany a transition to psychosis. The retinal and psychophysical assessments in particular are inexpensive, well-tolerated, easy to administer, and brief, with few inclusion/exclusion criteria. Therefore, across all major levels of analysis—from phenomenology to behavior to brain and retinal functioning—visual system assessment could complement and improve upon existing methods for predicting which individuals go on to develop a psychotic disorder.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Chong HY;Teoh SL;Wu DB;Kotirum S;Chiou CF;Chaiyakunapruk N
通讯作者：
Chaiyakunapruk N
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Dosenbach NUF;Koller JM;Earl EA;Miranda-Dominguez O;Klein RL;Van AN;Snyder AZ;Nagel BJ;Nigg JT;Nguyen AL;Wesevich V;Greene DJ;Fair DA
通讯作者：
Fair DA
影响因子：
11
作者：
Abram, Samantha V.;Roach, Brian J.;Fryer, Susanna L.;Calhoun, Vince D.;Preda, Adrian;van Erp, Theo G. M.;Bustillo, Juan R.;Lim, Kelvin O.;Loewy, Rachel L.;Stuart, Barbara K.;Krystal, John H.;Ford, Judith M.;Mathalon, Daniel H.
通讯作者：
Mathalon, Daniel H.
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Bedwell JS;Spencer CC;Chan CC;Butler PD;Sehatpour P;Schmidt J
通讯作者：
Schmidt J
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Bestelmeyer, Patricia E. G.;Tatler, Benjamin W.;St Clair, David
通讯作者：
St Clair, David