Interpersonal goals and change in anxiety and dysphoria in first-semester college students.
Interpersonal goals and change in anxiety and dysphoria in first-semester college students.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0019400
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发表时间：
2010-06
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Flynn, Heather
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crocker, Jennifer;Canevello, Amy;Breines, Juliana G.;Flynn, Heather
两项纵向研究考察了人际目标（即自我形象和同情目标）与焦虑和不安（即痛苦）之间的关系。在研究1中，199名大学新生（122名女性，77名男性）在12周内完成了12项调查。从测试前到测试后，当痛苦被评估为焦虑、不安或复合，以及当目标被表述为接近目标、回避目标或复合时，同情目标预测会减少痛苦，而自我形象目标预测会增加痛苦。在研究2中，115对第一学期的室友（86对女性和29对男性）在12周内完成了12项调查。同情目标和自我形象目标在同周、滞后周和测试前-测试后分析中预测了痛苦；当我们控制几个已知的风险因素时，富有同情心的目标的效果仍然显著。有明确的目标可以解释同情心目标（而不是自我形象目标）与痛苦之间的联系。结果支持了一个路径模型，在这个模型中，富有同情心的目标预示着对室友的支持会增加，这预示着痛苦会减少。结果也支持相互关联；从测试前到测试后，慢性痛苦预示着同情目标的降低和自我形象目标的增加，每周的痛苦预示着随后一周同情目标的降低。结果表明，富有同情心的目标有助于减少痛苦，因为它们提供了意义，增加了对他人的支持。苦恼反过来又预示着目标的改变，创造了目标和苦恼的上升和下降的螺旋。
Two longitudinal studies examined the associations between interpersonal goals (i.e., self-image and compassionate goals) and anxiety and dysphoria (i.e., distress). In Study 1, 199 college freshmen (122 females, 77 males) completed 12 surveys over 12 weeks. Compassionate goals predicted decreased distress and self-image goals predicted increased distress from pretest to posttest when distress was assessed as anxiety, dysphoria, or a composite, and when the goals were worded as approach goals, avoidance goals or a composite. In Study 2, 115 first-semester roommate pairs (86 female and 29 male pairs) completed 12 surveys over 12 weeks. Compassionate and self-image goals predicted distress in same-week, lagged-week, and pretest-to-posttest analyses; effects of compassionate goals remained significant when we controlled for several known risk factors. Having clear goals consistently explained the association between compassionate goals but not self-image goals and distress. Results supported a path model in which compassionate goals predict increased support given to roommates, which predicts decreased distress. Results also supported a reciprocal association; chronic distress predicted decreased compassionate and increased self-image goals from pretest to posttest, and weekly distress predicted decreased compassionate goals the subsequent week. The results suggest that compassionate goals contribute to decreased distress because they provide meaning and increase support given to others. Distress, in turn, predicts change in goals, creating the potential for upward and downward spirals of goals and distress.
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