Ecoimmunity in Darwin's finches: invasive parasites trigger acquired immunity in the medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis).
Ecoimmunity in Darwin's finches: invasive parasites trigger acquired immunity in the medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis).
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0008605
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发表时间：
2010-01-06
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Clayton DH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huber SK;Owen JP;Koop JA;King MO;Grant PR;Grant BR;Clayton DH
入侵性寄生虫是岛屿动物种群的主要威胁。加拉帕戈斯群岛上的达尔文雀正受到引入的痘病毒和巢蝇的攻击。我们开发了达尔文雀（Geospiza fortis）寄生虫特异性抗体反应的测定方法，以测试对新寄生虫的适应性免疫反应与寄生虫压力发生的时空变化之间的关系。富通人口。我们开发了酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）的存在下的抗体的达尔文的雀血清特异性痘病毒或Philornis蛋白。我们比较了有和没有痘感染证据（可见病变）的鸟类种群之间的抗体水平，以及筑巢前（巢蝇暴露前）与筑巢期间（有蝇暴露）采样的鸟类之间的抗体水平。来自痘病毒阳性群体的鸟具有较高水平的痘病毒结合抗体。在筑巢期间取样的鸟类中，Philornis结合抗体水平较高。占据巢穴的雌鸟比雄鸟具有更高的Philornis结合抗体水平。该研究受到无法确认痘暴露独立于明显病变的限制。然而，痘感染的持久影响（例如，疤痕和失去的手指）被认为是先前痘感染的可靠指标。据我们所知，这是第一次在野生鸟类种群中对多种寄生虫的寄生虫特异性抗体反应。达尔文雀对新的寄生虫产生了获得性免疫反应。我们的研究对入侵生物学和生态免疫学具有重要意义。达尔文雀的适应性免疫反应可能有助于对抗寄生虫的负面影响。或者，采取这种应对措施的生理成本可能超过任何好处，加速人口下降。迫切需要测试达尔文雀寄生虫特异性免疫反应的适应性影响。
Invasive parasites are a major threat to island populations of animals. Darwin's finches of the Galápagos Islands are under attack by introduced pox virus (Poxvirus avium) and nest flies (Philornis downsi). We developed assays for parasite-specific antibody responses in Darwin's finches (Geospiza fortis), to test for relationships between adaptive immune responses to novel parasites and spatial-temporal variation in the occurrence of parasite pressure among G. fortis populations. We developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the presence of antibodies in the serum of Darwin's finches specific to pox virus or Philornis proteins. We compared antibody levels between bird populations with and without evidence of pox infection (visible lesions), and among birds sampled before nesting (prior to nest-fly exposure) versus during nesting (with fly exposure). Birds from the Pox-positive population had higher levels of pox-binding antibodies. Philornis-binding antibody levels were higher in birds sampled during nesting. Female birds, which occupy the nest, had higher Philornis-binding antibody levels than males. The study was limited by an inability to confirm pox exposure independent of obvious lesions. However, the lasting effects of pox infection (e.g., scarring and lost digits) were expected to be reliable indicators of prior pox infection. This is the first demonstration, to our knowledge, of parasite-specific antibody responses to multiple classes of parasites in a wild population of birds. Darwin's finches initiated acquired immune responses to novel parasites. Our study has vital implications for invasion biology and ecological immunology. The adaptive immune response of Darwin's finches may help combat the negative effects of parasitism. Alternatively, the physiological cost of mounting such a response could outweigh any benefits, accelerating population decline. Tests of the fitness implications of parasite-specific immune responses in Darwin's finches are urgently needed.
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