Sustainable Management, Conservation, and Restoration of the Amazon River Delta and Amazon-Influenced Guianas Coast: A Review
Sustainable Management, Conservation, and Restoration of the Amazon River Delta and Amazon-Influenced Guianas Coast: A Review
复制标题
亚马逊河三角洲和受亚马逊影响的圭亚那海岸的可持续管理、保护和恢复：回顾
作者：
E. Anthony;Eduardo S Brondízio;V. F. dos Santos;A. Gardel;Manon Besset
亚马逊河三角洲目前在生物生态学上的特点可能是，与世界上许多大三角洲的猖獗脆弱性相比，它是一个相对保存完好的三角洲。这种相对保存的状态反映在一些标准中：许多河流和亚马逊河的主要干河仍然在很大程度上自由流动，为三角洲提供沉积物，特殊的生物多样性，占主导地位的海岸线增生，以及没有人为产生的沉降。在这次审查中，我们表明，这些相对令人放心的条件正在逐步被称为问题的影响，大坝河流沉积物供应的三角洲，增加人口，城市和土地开发的压力，在这个仍然很大程度上人口不足的三角洲，和治理问题，淡化方面的流域和三角洲环境恶化。一个主要的挑战是将这些截然不同的需求结合起来，这些需求导致环境压力区的出现，考验着这个三角洲的恢复力。分析集体行动、管理和保护战略的一个组成部分是从相互作用的社会生态系统的角度考虑亚马逊三角洲。未来，由于河流沉积物供应减少和海平面上升，三角洲的压力将更加严重。虽然气候变化预计会产生多余的泥沙，但三角洲上游水坝建设的快速增长将对河流的泥沙通量产生负面影响。为了在海平面上升和沉积物供应减少的情况下保持亚马孙河三角洲的复原力，亚马孙河系统的养护和管理需要明确的治理和更好的规划和预测，以及社会生态一体化。这些要求也需要在位于亚马逊三角洲以西的圭亚那国家的1 500公里长的沿海地区实施，其沉积动力学和稳定性主要取决于亚马逊的沉积物供应。
The Amazon River delta may be currently characterized biophysically as a relatively preserved delta compared to the rampant vulnerability of many of the world’s large deltas. This status of relative preservation is reflected in a number of criteria: The still largely free-flowing nature of many of the rivers and the main stem of the Amazon that feed the delta in sediment, exceptional biodiversity, dominant shoreline accretion, and the absence of anthropogenically-generated subsidence. In this review, we show that these relatively reassuring conditions are progressively being called into question by the effects of dams on fluvial sediment supply to the delta, by increasing demographic, urban, and land development pressures in this still largely underpopulated delta, and by problems of governance that underplay aspects of basin-wide and deltaic environmental deterioration. A major challenge is that of bringing together these contrasting demands that are leading to the emergence of zones of environmental stress that test the resilience of this delta. An integral part of the strategy for the analysis of collective action, management, and conservation is that of considering the Amazon delta in terms of interacting socio-ecological systems. Pressures on the delta will be compounded in the future by decreasing fluvial sediment supply and sea-level rise. Although climate change is projected to generate surplus sediment, the rapid growth of dam constructions upstream of the delta will negatively impact the river’s sediment flux. Conservation and management of the Amazon River system aimed at keeping the delta resilient in the context of sea-level rise and reduction of sediment supply will require clear governance and better planning and anticipation, as well as socio-ecological integration. These are also requirements that will need to be implemented in the 1500 km-long coastal zone of the Guianas countries located west of the Amazon delta and the sediment dynamics and stability of which are largely determined by sediment supply from the Amazon.
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影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Edmonds DA;Caldwell RL;Brondizio ES;Siani SMO
通讯作者：
Siani SMO
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.072
发表时间：
2016-04
期刊：
The Science of the total environment
影响因子：
--
作者：
C. C. de Araujo Barbosa-C.;P. Atkinson;J. Dearing
通讯作者：
C. C. de Araujo Barbosa-C.;P. Atkinson;J. Dearing
影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Dunn, Frances E.;Darby, Stephen E.;Fekete, Balazs M.
通讯作者：
Fekete, Balazs M.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1809426115
发表时间：
2018-11-20
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Moran EF;Lopez MC;Moore N;Müller N;Hyndman DW
通讯作者：
Hyndman DW