Quasilegality and migrant smuggling in Northern Niger
Quasilegality and migrant smuggling in Northern Niger
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尼日尔北部的准合法性和偷运移民
DOI：
10.1007/s12117-023-09492-3
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Frowd P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frowd P
尼日尔作为西非移民“中心”的地位现在在干预者和全球观察员的想象中得到了巩固。尽管过境尼日利亚的移民人数从2015年的峰值大幅下降，但尼日利亚政府、当地合作伙伴和国际行为体的政策和做法继续围绕非正常移民问题达成一致，将其作为主要的安全优先事项。这种对非正常移民的压制性做法对尼日尔北部的生计产生了连锁反应，过境移民是尼日尔北部经济的主要来源。虽然尼日尔的刑事定罪和证券化的故事已经是老生常谈了，但很少有人注意到这些过程的一些方式是渐进的、不稳定的、不完整的、模棱两可的和有争议的。本文认为，一旦我们考虑走私经济中市场内部人士的声音，以及安全和干预部门的声音，这些叙述就会指出移民经济在合法与非法、合法与非法之间的根本模糊地位。为了抓住这种模糊性，本文借鉴了准合法性的概念，它抓住了所讨论的流动的中间状态，特别是合法/非法和合法/非法二元之间的概念空间。在尼日尔，准合法性指出了三个突出的因素，与直接定罪的叙述相冲突：走私的社会可接受性与国家法律框架之间的差距，国家法律框架及其应用的模糊性，以及市场内部人士自己对其活动的理解。这篇文章对尼日尔移民、犯罪和安全问题的关注，既使安全与控制的顺畅变得复杂，也对尼日尔移民问题的观点提出了更广泛的批评，认为这是西非“跨国有组织犯罪”的一个直接例子。
Niger’s status as a ‘hub’ for West African migration is now cemented in the imaginaries of interveners and global observers. Even as the number of migrants transiting the country falls sharply from a peak in 2015, the policies and practices on the part of the Nigerien government, its local partners, and international actors, continue to coalesce around irregular migration as a major security priority. This mostly repressive approach to irregular migration has had knock-on effects on livelihoods in Northern Niger, where the bulk of the economy around transiting migration is rooted. While the story of criminalization and securitization in Niger is a well-worn one, there is less attention to some of the ways these processes are incremental, erratic, incomplete, ambiguous, and contested. This article argues that once we consider the voices of market insiders in the smuggling economy alongside those in the security and intervention sector, these narratives point to the fundamentally ambiguous status of the migration economy between the licit and illicit, the legal and the illegal. To capture this ambiguity, the article draws on the concept of quasilegality, which captures the in-between status of the flows in question, and in particular the conceptual space between the licit/illicit and legal/illegal binaries. Quasilegality points to three salient factors in contesting the straightforward narrative of criminalization in Niger: a gap between the social acceptability of smuggling and state legal frameworks, the ambiguity of the state legal framework and its application, as well as market insiders’ own understanding of their activities. The article’s attention to narratives around migration, crime, and (in)security in Niger is at once a means of complicating the smoothness of security and control as well as a broader critique of views of migration in Niger that would see it as a straightforward example of ‘transnational organized crime’ in West Africa.
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
Hérodote
影响因子：
--
作者：
F. Boyer
通讯作者：
F. Boyer
5. 尼日尔的过境移民：阻止移民流动，但代价是什么？
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
S. Moretti
通讯作者：
S. Moretti
道德边境工作：欧盟-摩洛哥边境偷运移民的政策、警务和做法
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Line Richter
通讯作者：
Line Richter
产生“过境”移民国家：尼日尔的国际安全干预
影响因子：
2
作者：
Philippe M. Frowd
通讯作者：
Philippe M. Frowd
沙漠治安：国际移民组织在利比亚的战争与和平之外
影响因子：
5
作者：
J. Brachet;J. Brachet
通讯作者：
J. Brachet