Exploring the Toolkit of Emotion: What Do Sadness and Anger Do for Us?
Exploring the Toolkit of Emotion: What Do Sadness and Anger Do for Us?
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探索情绪工具包：悲伤和愤怒对我们有什么作用？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Bench
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heather C. Lench;Thomas P Tibbett;S. Bench
负面情绪对人有什么影响？我们提出了一个框架，将情绪的功能定义为离散情绪在特定类型的情况下产生更好结果的程度。关注悲伤和愤怒，我们回顾了与引发这些情绪的情况相关的证据;与情绪相关的认知，生理和行为变化;以及这些变化在多大程度上导致了在激发情绪的情况下明显更好的结果。悲伤是由感知到的目标丧失而引起的，考虑到当前的能力，没有恢复的可能性，并且与深思熟虑的推理，减少的生理活动和行为表达有关。有初步证据表明，悲伤可以让人应对损失，悲伤的表达可以招募其他人来帮助实现目标。愤怒是由感知到的目标丧失引起的，如果克服了障碍，就可以防止这种目标丧失，并且与启发式推理、增加的生理活动和行为表达有关。有证据表明，愤怒的表达会促使他人将自己作为障碍排除在外，初步证据表明，愤怒可以促进克服障碍和实现目标。就像精确的工具一样，特定的情绪最好用来解决特定的问题。
What do negative emotions do for people? We present a framework that defines the function of emotions as the degree to which discrete emotions result in better outcomes in particular types of situations. Focusing on sadness and anger, we review evidence related to the situations that elicit these emotions; the cognitive, physiological, and behavioral changes associated with the emotions; and the extent to which these changes result in demonstrably better outcomes in the type of situation that elicits the emotion. Sadness is elicited by perceived goal loss without possibility of restoration given current abilities and is associated with deliberative reasoning, reduced physiological activity, and behavioral expression. There is preliminary evidence suggesting that sadness can permit coping with loss, and that expression of sadness can recruit others to assist in goal attainment. Anger is elicited by perceived goal loss that can be prevented if an obstacle is overcome and is associated with heuristic reasoning, increased physiological activity, and behavioral expression. There is evidence that expression of anger prompts others to remove themselves as obstacles, and preliminary evidence that anger can promote overcoming obstacles and goal attainment. Like precision tools, specific emotions are best utilized to resolve particular problems.
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影响因子：
7.6
作者：
David DeSteno;R. Petty;D. Wegener;Derek D. Rucker
通讯作者：
David DeSteno;R. Petty;D. Wegener;Derek D. Rucker
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Miller, MW;Patrick, CJ;Levenston, GK
通讯作者：
Levenston, GK
DOI：
10.1037//0003-066x.48.4.384
发表时间：
1993-04
期刊：
The American psychologist
影响因子：
--
作者：
P. Ekman
通讯作者：
P. Ekman
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Lau H
通讯作者：
Lau H
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Andrews, Paul W.;Thomson, J. Anderson, Jr.
通讯作者：
Thomson, J. Anderson, Jr.