How category learning affects object representations: not all morphspaces stretch alike.

How category learning affects object representations: not all morphspaces stretch alike.
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DOI:
10.1037/a0025836
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发表时间:
2012-07
影响因子:
2.6
通讯作者:
Palmeri, Thomas J.
Palmeri, Thomas J.
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Folstein, Jonathan R.;Gauthier, Isabel;Palmeri, Thomas J.

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学习对物体进行分类如何影响我们视觉上对它们的感知?行为、神经生理学和神经影像学研究已经测试了类别学习对对象表征的影响程度,结果相互矛盾。一些研究发现,在与先前学习过的类别相关的维度上,物体在视觉上变得更容易辨别,而另一些研究则没有发现这种影响。我们在这里探讨的一个关键因素在于不同研究中使用的形态空间的结构。没有发现区别性增加的研究通常使用“混合”形态空间,即形态亲本位于空间的角落。相比之下,发现可辨别性增加的研究使用“阶乘”形态空间,由形成空间轴的独立形态线定义。使用相同的四个morphparent,我们创建了以两两可分辨性匹配的阶乘和混合morphspace。类别学习在析因空间的相关维度上选择性地增加了可判别性,但在混合空间中没有,并导致在析因空间中创建了功能维度,但在混合空间中没有。这些发现表明,并非所有的形态空间都有相同的拉伸:只有一些形态空间支持在类别学习后对相关对象维度的增强辨别能力。我们的研究结果对于解释那些类别学习对视觉系统中物体表征影响很小或没有影响的神经影像学研究具有重要意义:这些研究可能受到混合形态空间使用的限制。
How does learning to categorize objects affect how we visually perceive them? Behavioral, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging studies have tested the degree to which category learning influences object representations, with conflicting results. Some studies find that objects become more visually discriminable along dimensions relevant to previously learned categories, while others find no such effect. One critical factor we explore here lies in the structure of the morphspaces used in different studies. Studies finding no increase in discriminability often use “blended” morphspaces, with morphparents lying at corners of the space. By contrast, studies finding increases in discriminability use “factorial” morphspaces, defined by separate morphlines forming axes of the space. Using the same four morphparents, we created both factorial and blended morphspaces matched in pairwise discriminability. Category learning caused a selective increase in discriminability along the relevant dimension of the factorial space, but not in the blended space, and led to the creation of functional dimensions in the factorial space, but not in the blended space. These findings demonstrate that not all morphspaces stretch alike: Only some morphspaces support enhanced discriminability to relevant object dimensions following category learning. Our results have important implications for interpreting neuroimaging studies reporting little or no effect of category learning on object representations in the visual system: Those studies may have been limited by their use of blended morphspaces.
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