Antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells and protective immunity to tuberculosis.

Antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells and protective immunity to tuberculosis.
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抗原特异性CD8(+)T细胞和对结核病的保护性免疫。

DOI:
10.1007/978-1-4614-6111-1_8
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Behar SM
Behar SM
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Behar SM

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艾滋病毒/艾滋病的持续流行和耐多药结核分枝杆菌的蔓延导致了世界范围内结核病流行的持久存在。虽然牛分枝杆菌卡介苗被广泛用作疫苗,但它在预防成人肺结核方面缺乏有效性。为了抗击这一持续不断的祸害,开发结核病疫苗是全球的优先事项。大多数感染者产生长期的保护性免疫,这种免疫以依赖T细胞的方式控制和遏制结核分枝杆菌。有效的T细胞反应决定了感染是缓解还是发展为临床明显的疾病。因此,确定哪些T细胞亚群介导抗分枝杆菌免疫,描述它们的效应功能,以及评估疫苗接种是否能够诱导这些T细胞亚群并诱导保护性免疫,是非常有意义的。在人类和啮齿动物模型中,CD4+T细胞对结核分枝杆菌的耐药性都是至关重要的。在人类和小鼠中,需要CD4+T细胞来控制最初的感染以及防止复发。虽然人们普遍认为II类MHC限制性的CD4+T细胞对结核病的免疫是必不可少的,但结核分枝杆菌感染在人和实验动物中都能引起CD8+T细胞反应。在结核分枝杆菌感染期间,CD8+T细胞也被招募到肺中,并在感染者的肉芽肿中发现。因此,CD8+T细胞如何对结核病的整体免疫做出贡献,以及CD8+T细胞识别的抗原是否会增强疫苗策略的效力,仍然是重要的问题。
The continuing HIV/AIDS epidemic and the spread of multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis has led to the perpetuation of the worldwide tuberculosis epidemic. While M. bovis BCG is widely used as a vaccine, it lacks efficacy in preventing pulmonary tuberculosis in adults. To combat this ongoing scourge, vaccine development for tuberculosis is a global priority. Most infected individuals develop long-lived protective immunity, which controls and contains M. tuberculosis in a T cell-dependent manner. An effective T cells response determines whether the infection resolves or develops into clinically evident disease. Consequently, there is great interest in determining which T cells subsets mediate anti-mycobacterial immunity, delineating their effector functions, and evaluating whether vaccination can elicit these T cells subsets and induce protective immunity. CD4+ T cells are critical for resistance to M. tuberculosis in both humans and rodent models. CD4+ T cells are required to control the initial infection as well as to prevent recrudescence in both humans and mice. While it is generally accepted that class II MHC-restricted CD4+ T cells are essential for immunity to tuberculosis, M. tuberculosis infection elicits CD8+ T cells responses in both people and in experimental animals. CD8+ T cells are also recruited to the lung during M. tuberculosis infection and are found in the granulomas of infected people. Thus, how CD8+ T cells contribute to overall immunity to tuberculosis and whether antigens recognized by CD8+ T cells would enhance the efficacy of vaccine strategies continue to be important questions.
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凋亡是巨噬细胞对结核分枝杆菌的先天防御功能。
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