Early activation of wheat polyamine biosynthesis during Fusarium head blight implicates putrescine as an inducer of trichothecene mycotoxin production.
Early activation of wheat polyamine biosynthesis during Fusarium head blight implicates putrescine as an inducer of trichothecene mycotoxin production.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2229-10-289
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发表时间：
2010-12-30
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Manners JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gardiner DM;Kazan K;Praud S;Torney FJ;Rusu A;Manners JM
真菌病原菌禾谷镰刀菌 (Fusarium graminearum) 在小麦上引起镰刀菌赤霉病 (FHB) 病，可导致谷物中的单端孢菌素真菌毒素（如脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇，DON）污染，危害哺乳动物的健康。与植物感染相比，在标准培养条件下 DON 的产生水平较低，但特定的多胺（例如腐胺和胍丁胺）和氨基酸（例如精氨酸和鸟氨酸）是无菌培养中禾谷镰刀菌产生 DON 的有效诱导剂。目前，在 FHB 期间促进霉菌毒素合成的宿主因素尚不清楚，但植物来源的多胺可能有助于受感染头部中 DON 的诱导。然而，多胺和氨基酸的时间和空间积累与 DON 的关系尚未被研究。用禾谷镰刀菌接种易感小麦穗后，接种两天后检测到 DON 积累。早在接种后一天就检测到腐胺的积累，而精氨酸和尸胺也在接种后三天和四天产生。接种两天后，鸟氨酸脱羧酶（ODC）和精氨酸脱羧酶（ADC）（腐胺生物合成的两种关键生物合成酶）的转录物也在头部中被强烈诱导。这些结果表明多胺生物合成途径的引发是对 FHB 的早期反应。编码作用于多胺生物合成途径上游的酶以及ODC和ADC的基因的转录本以及腐胺水平也在轴中被诱导，轴是支持DON产生的花器官，也是FHB期间病原体定植的重要途径。对 24 种对 FHB 具有不同反应的小麦基因型进行的调查表明，腐胺诱导是对接种的一般反应，并且没有观察到腐胺积累与感染或 DON 积累之间的相关性。在可检测到的 DON 积累之前，受感染头部中多胺生物合成途径和腐胺的激活与病原体利用多胺合成的一般宿主应激反应作为 FHB 疾病期间产生单端孢菌素霉菌毒素的线索的模型一致。然而，这种机制很可能因不同小麦遗传背景中导致抗性和易感性的其他因素而变得复杂。
The fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) disease on wheat which can lead to trichothecene mycotoxin (e.g. deoxynivalenol, DON) contamination of grain, harmful to mammalian health. DON is produced at low levels under standard culture conditions when compared to plant infection but specific polyamines (e.g. putrescine and agmatine) and amino acids (e.g. arginine and ornithine) are potent inducers of DON by F. graminearum in axenic culture. Currently, host factors that promote mycotoxin synthesis during FHB are unknown, but plant derived polyamines could contribute to DON induction in infected heads. However, the temporal and spatial accumulation of polyamines and amino acids in relation to that of DON has not been studied. Following inoculation of susceptible wheat heads by F. graminearum, DON accumulation was detected at two days after inoculation. The accumulation of putrescine was detected as early as one day following inoculation while arginine and cadaverine were also produced at three and four days post-inoculation. Transcripts of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and arginine decarboxylase (ADC), two key biosynthetic enzymes for putrescine biosynthesis, were also strongly induced in heads at two days after inoculation. These results indicated that elicitation of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway is an early response to FHB. Transcripts for genes encoding enzymes acting upstream in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway as well as those of ODC and ADC, and putrescine levels were also induced in the rachis, a flower organ supporting DON production and an important route for pathogen colonisation during FHB. A survey of 24 wheat genotypes with varying responses to FHB showed putrescine induction is a general response to inoculation and no correlation was observed between the accumulation of putrescine and infection or DON accumulation. The activation of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway and putrescine in infected heads prior to detectable DON accumulation is consistent with a model where the pathogen exploits the generic host stress response of polyamine synthesis as a cue for production of trichothecene mycotoxins during FHB disease. However, it is likely that this mechanism is complicated by other factors contributing to resistance and susceptibility in diverse wheat genetic backgrounds.
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