Zoom behavior during visual search modulates pupil diameter and reflects adaptive control states.
Zoom behavior during visual search modulates pupil diameter and reflects adaptive control states.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0282616
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
自适应增益理论提出，探索和开发控制状态之间的动态转换是由蓝斑-去甲肾上腺素系统调制的，并反映在紧张性和相位性瞳孔直径。本研究测试了这一理论的预测在社会上重要的视觉搜索任务的背景下：审查和解释的数字全载玻片图像的乳房活检的医生（病理学家）。当搜索这些医学图像时，病理学家遇到困难的视觉特征，并且间歇地放大以检查感兴趣的特征。我们建议，紧张性和阶段性的瞳孔直径的变化，在图像审查可能对应于感知的困难和探索和开发控制状态之间的动态变化。为了检验这种可能性，我们监测了视觉搜索行为以及紧张性和相位性瞳孔直径，而病理学家（N = 89）解释了14张乳腺活检组织的数字图像（共审查了1，246张图像）。在查看图像后，病理学家提供了诊断并对图像的难度进行了评级。紧张性瞳孔直径的分析检查瞳孔扩张是否与病理学家的难度等级、诊断准确性和经验水平相关。为了检查相位瞳孔直径，我们将连续的视觉搜索数据解析为离散的放大和缩小事件，包括从低放大到高放大的变化（例如，1×到10×），反之亦然。分析检查放大和缩小事件是否与阶段性瞳孔直径变化相关。结果表明，紧张性瞳孔直径与图像难度等级和缩放水平相关，相位性瞳孔直径在放大事件后显示收缩，在缩小事件前立即显示扩张。结果解释的背景下，自适应增益理论，信息增益理论，监测和评估医生的诊断解释过程。
Adaptive gain theory proposes that the dynamic shifts between exploration and exploitation control states are modulated by the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system and reflected in tonic and phasic pupil diameter. This study tested predictions of this theory in the context of a societally important visual search task: the review and interpretation of digital whole slide images of breast biopsies by physicians (pathologists). As these medical images are searched, pathologists encounter difficult visual features and intermittently zoom in to examine features of interest. We propose that tonic and phasic pupil diameter changes during image review may correspond to perceived difficulty and dynamic shifts between exploration and exploitation control states. To examine this possibility, we monitored visual search behavior and tonic and phasic pupil diameter while pathologists (N = 89) interpreted 14 digital images of breast biopsy tissue (1,246 total images reviewed). After viewing the images, pathologists provided a diagnosis and rated the level of difficulty of the image. Analyses of tonic pupil diameter examined whether pupil dilation was associated with pathologists’ difficulty ratings, diagnostic accuracy, and experience level. To examine phasic pupil diameter, we parsed continuous visual search data into discrete zoom-in and zoom-out events, including shifts from low to high magnification (e.g., 1× to 10×) and the reverse. Analyses examined whether zoom-in and zoom-out events were associated with phasic pupil diameter change. Results demonstrated that tonic pupil diameter was associated with image difficulty ratings and zoom level, and phasic pupil diameter showed constriction upon zoom-in events, and dilation immediately preceding a zoom-out event. Results are interpreted in the context of adaptive gain theory, information gain theory, and the monitoring and assessment of physicians’ diagnostic interpretive processes.
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