Beyond eye gaze: What else can eyetracking reveal about cognition and cognitive development?
Beyond eye gaze: What else can eyetracking reveal about cognition and cognitive development?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dcn.2016.11.001
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发表时间：
2017-06
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Bunge SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eckstein MK;Guerra-Carrillo B;Miller Singley AT;Bunge SA
眼动追踪测量提供了非侵入性的和丰富的大脑功能和认知指标。凝视分析揭示了当前的注意焦点和认知策略。瞳孔扩张受去甲肾上腺素调节，反映了精神努力。自发眨眼率受多巴胺调节，多巴胺参与学习和目标导向行为。眼部测量可以提供关于认知和认知发展的见解。本文介绍了两种可用于研究认知发育和可塑性的眼动测量方法：瞳孔扩张和自发眨眼率。我们开始通过概述凝视分析的丰富历史，它可以揭示当前的注意力焦点以及认知策略。然后，我们转向两个较少使用的视觉措施。瞳孔扩张由大脑的蓝斑-去甲肾上腺素系统调节，该系统控制生理唤醒和注意力，并且已被用作主观任务难度、脑力劳动和神经增益的量度。自发眨眼率与中枢神经系统中的多巴胺水平相关，可以揭示学习和目标导向行为的潜在过程。总的来说，凝视、瞳孔扩张和眨眼率是三种非侵入性的和互补的认知测量，具有高时间分辨率和良好的神经基础。在这里，我们回顾了瞳孔放大和眨眼率的神经基础，提供了它们的使用例子，描述了分析方法和方法论考虑，并讨论了它们在学习，认知发展和可塑性研究中的潜力。
Eyetracking measures provide non-invasive and rich indices of brain function and cognition. Gaze analysis reveals current attentional focus and cognitive strategies. Pupil dilation is modulated by norepinephrine and reflects mental effort. Spontaneous blink rate is modulated by dopamine, which is involved in learning and goal-oriented behavior. Ocular measures can provide insights regarding cognition and cognitive development. This review provides an introduction to two eyetracking measures that can be used to study cognitive development and plasticity: pupil dilation and spontaneous blink rate. We begin by outlining the rich history of gaze analysis, which can reveal the current focus of attention as well as cognitive strategies. We then turn to the two lesser-utilized ocular measures. Pupil dilation is modulated by the brain’s locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system, which controls physiological arousal and attention, and has been used as a measure of subjective task difficulty, mental effort, and neural gain. Spontaneous eyeblink rate correlates with levels of dopamine in the central nervous system, and can reveal processes underlying learning and goal-directed behavior. Taken together, gaze, pupil dilation, and blink rate are three non-invasive and complementary measures of cognition with high temporal resolution and well-understood neural foundations. Here we review the neural foundations of pupil dilation and blink rate, provide examples of their usage, describe analytic methods and methodological considerations, and discuss their potential for research on learning, cognitive development, and plasticity.
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