Spatial Heterogeneity in the Effects of Immigration and Diversity on Neighborhood Homicide Rates.
Spatial Heterogeneity in the Effects of Immigration and Diversity on Neighborhood Homicide Rates.
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DOI：
10.1177/1088767909336728
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发表时间：
2009-07-15
期刊：
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Sampson RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Graif C;Sampson RJ
本文通过推进一种最近开发的空间动态建模方法——地理加权回归，研究了移民和多样性与凶杀的联系。与传统的全球平均相比，我们在实质性的基础上认为，社区特征在社区空间中的影响是不同的，这是一个“空间异质性”的过程。与治疗-效果异质性非常相似，与空间溢出效应不同，我们的分析发现大量证据表明，芝加哥的社区特征在预测凶杀方面存在显著差异，在某些情况下，根据空间位置表现出抵消效应。然而，总的来说，移民集中度与凶杀无关或呈负相关，而语言多样性始终与较低的凶杀率有关。研究结果揭示了移民与凶杀案之间的联系，并揭示了全球平均模型的缺陷，这些模型掩盖了一个高度多样化和空间分层的大都市的现实。
This paper examines the connection of immigration and diversity to homicide by advancing a recently developed approach to modeling spatial dynamics—geographically weighted regression. In contrast to traditional global averaging, we argue on substantive grounds that neighborhood characteristics vary in their effects across neighborhood space, a process of “spatial heterogeneity.” Much like treatment-effect heterogeneity and distinct from spatial spillover, our analysis finds considerable evidence that neighborhood characteristics in Chicago vary significantly in predicting homicide, in some cases showing countervailing effects depending on spatial location. In general, however, immigrant concentration is either unrelated or inversely related to homicide, whereas language diversity is consistently linked to lower homicide. The results shed new light on the immigration-homicide nexus and suggest the pitfalls of global averaging models that hide the reality of a highly diversified and spatially stratified metropolis.
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