Mitoguardin-2-mediated lipid transfer preserves mitochondrial morphology and lipid droplet formation.

Mitoguardin-2-mediated lipid transfer preserves mitochondrial morphology and lipid droplet formation.
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DOI:
10.1083/jcb.202207022
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发表时间:
2022-12-05
期刊:
The Journal of cell biology
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线粒体蛋白 mitoguardin-2 在与 ER 或脂滴 (LD) 接触时结合脂肪酸和磷脂,并在体外非特异性地在膜之间转移磷脂。其脂质转移能力是线粒体和 LD 生物学中的作用所必需的。膜接触处的脂质转运蛋白(细胞器紧密排列)对于将脂质从产生脂质的内质网(ER)重新分配到其他细胞膜至关重要。这种蛋白质介导的转移对于维持细胞器与线粒体等分泌途径的分离尤其重要。我们鉴定出 mitoguardin-2(一种与 ER 和/或脂滴 (LD) 接触的线粒体蛋白)作为脂质转运蛋白。 X 射线结构显示 mitoguardin-2 的 C 端结构域具有结合脂质的疏水空腔。质谱分析表明,甘油磷脂和游离脂肪酸均与细胞中的 mitoguardin-2 共同纯化,并且每个 mitoguardin-2 最多可容纳两种脂质。 Mitoguardin-2 在体外在膜之间转移甘油磷脂,这种转运能力对于线粒体和 LD 生物学中的作用都是必需的。虽然尚未确定蛋白质介导的接触转移在 LD 代谢中发挥作用,但我们的研究结果提出了 mitoguardin-2 在线粒体-LD 接触处转运脂肪酸和甘油磷脂中发挥作用的可能性。
Mitochondrial protein mitoguardin-2, at contacts with the ER or with lipid droplets (LDs), binds fatty acids and phospholipids, and non-specifically transfers phospholipids between membranes in vitro. Its lipid transfer ability is required for roles in mitochondrial and LD biology. Lipid transport proteins at membrane contacts, where organelles are closely apposed, are critical in redistributing lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where they are made, to other cellular membranes. Such protein-mediated transfer is especially important for maintaining organelles disconnected from secretory pathways, like mitochondria. We identify mitoguardin-2, a mitochondrial protein at contacts with the ER and/or lipid droplets (LDs), as a lipid transporter. An x-ray structure shows that the C-terminal domain of mitoguardin-2 has a hydrophobic cavity that binds lipids. Mass spectrometry analysis reveals that both glycerophospholipids and free-fatty acids co-purify with mitoguardin-2 from cells, and that each mitoguardin-2 can accommodate up to two lipids. Mitoguardin-2 transfers glycerophospholipids between membranes in vitro, and this transport ability is required for roles both in mitochondrial and LD biology. While it is not established that protein-mediated transfer at contacts plays a role in LD metabolism, our findings raise the possibility that mitoguardin-2 functions in transporting fatty acids and glycerophospholipids at mitochondria-LD contacts.
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