Host population dynamics in the face of an evolving pathogen.
Host population dynamics in the face of an evolving pathogen.
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面对不断演变的病原体时的宿主种群动态。
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2656.13469
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发表时间：
2021-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Dhondt AA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hochachka WM;Dobson AP;Hawley DM;Dhondt AA
1.宿主和病原体之间的相互作用在生态和进化水平上都是动态的。在由此产生的“生态进化动力学”中，生态和进化过程相互影响。例如，家雀墨西哥血腹雀（Haemorhous mexicanus）及其最近出现的病原体鸡毒支原体（Mycoplasma gallisepticum）形成了一个系统，其中有证据表明，细菌毒力随时间的变化增强了宿主的免疫水平，从而推动了军备竞赛中毒力的进化。2.我们使用两个相关的公民科学项目的数据，以确定这场军备竞赛是否在美国东北部的人口水平上产生了任何可察觉的影响。3.我们使用了两个公民科学项目的数据，这些数据是基于对喂鸟者的鸟类的观察，这些观察提供了关于家雀聚集体大小（宿主种群密度）的长期变化以及这些家雀具有可观察到的疾病（疾病患病率）的概率的信息。4. M.鸡毒病引起家雀密度迅速减半，然后家雀种群保持稳定或缓慢下降。疾病发病率在最初出现后也急剧下降，并一直保持在低水平，尽管随着时间的推移有所波动。令人惊讶的是，虽然最初较高的当地疾病患病率被发现在网站具有较高的本地密度的雀类，这种关系已经扭转随着时间的推移。5.脊椎动物宿主物种的能力，一代时间至少为1年，在面对进化的更高毒性的细菌时保持稳定的种群，一代时间以分钟计，这表明宿主的遗传变化不足以解释观察到的种群水平模式。我们认为获得性免疫在家雀与M.鸡败血症作者研究了一种新的细菌病原体的出现对家雀的长期影响，这种病原体在最初杀死北美东部大约一半的家雀后，其潜在毒性增加。一个明显的免疫军备竞赛使雀坚持稳定，虽然相对较低，丰富。
1. Interactions between hosts and pathogens are dynamic at both ecological and evolutionary levels. In the resultant ‘eco-evolutionary dynamics’ ecological and evolutionary processes affect each other. For example, the house finch Haemorhous mexicanus and its recently emerged pathogen, the bacterium Mycoplasma gallisepticum, form a system in which evidence suggests that changes in bacterial virulence through time enhance levels of host immunity in ways that drive the evolution of virulence in an arms race. 2. We use data from two associated citizen science projects in order to determine whether this arms race has had any detectable effect at the population level in the north-eastern United States. 3. We used data from two citizen science projects, based on observations of birds at bird feeders, which provide information on the long-term changes in sizes of aggregations of house finches (host population density), and the probabilities that these house finches have observable disease (disease prevalence). 4. The initial emergence of M. gallisepticum caused a rapid halving of house finch densities; this was then followed by house finch populations remaining stable or slowly declining. Disease prevalence also decreased sharply after the initial emergence and has remained low, although with fluctuations through time. Surprisingly, while initially higher local disease prevalence was found at sites with higher local densities of finches, this relationship has reversed over time. 5. The ability of a vertebrate host species, with a generation time of at least 1 year, to maintain stable populations in the face of evolved higher virulence of a bacterium, with generation times measurable in minutes, suggests that genetic changes in the host are insufficient to explain the observed population-level patterns. We suggest that acquired immunity plays an important role in the observed interaction between house finches and M. gallisepticum. The authors examine the long-term consequences to house finches of the emergence of a new bacterial pathogen that has increased in potential virulence after initially killed roughly half of eastern North America’s house finches. An apparent immunological arms race has enabled the finches to persist at stable, albeit relatively low, abundance.
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作者：
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