Impacts of stress and sex hormones on dopamine neurotransmission in the adolescent brain.
Impacts of stress and sex hormones on dopamine neurotransmission in the adolescent brain.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-013-3415-z
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发表时间：
2014-04
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Weickert, Cynthia Shannon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sinclair, Duncan;Purves-Tyson, Tertia D.;Allen, Katherine M.;Weickert, Cynthia Shannon
青春期是复杂的神经生物学变化和精神疾病易感性的发育期。因此，了解导致青春期大脑变化的性激素和应激激素等因素，以及这些因素如何影响与精神疾病有关的关键神经递质系统，是至关重要的。在这篇综述中，我们概述了青春期性激素和应激激素对多巴胺神经传递的影响，多巴胺神经传递是一种对健康大脑功能至关重要的信号通路，并与精神疾病有关。我们回顾了青春期和出生后生命中多巴胺、性激素和应激激素信号的正常发育变化，然后强调了性激素和应激激素的相互作用，并回顾了它们对青少年大脑中多巴胺神经传递的影响。青春期是对性激素和压力荷尔蒙反应增强的时期，在此期间，成熟的多巴胺能神经回路受到这些因素的深刻影响。睾酮、雌激素和糖皮质激素相互作用，对青春期大脑中的多巴胺神经传递产生明显的、特定于大脑区域的影响，塑造青春期和成年期的大脑成熟和认知功能。应激/性激素对皮层和皮质下多巴胺参数的某些影响与精神分裂症中所见的多巴胺能异常相似，提示青春期的性/应激激素可能通过调节多巴胺的神经传递而影响精神疾病的风险。压力和性激素可能被证明是未来改变精神疾病风险的有用目标。
Adolescence is a developmental period of complex neurobiological change and heightened vulnerability to psychiatric illness. As a result, understanding factors such as sex and stress hormones which drive brain changes in adolescence, and how these factors may influence key neurotransmitter systems implicated in psychiatric illness, is paramount. In this review, we outline the impact of sex and stress hormones at adolescence on dopamine neurotransmission, a signaling pathway which is critical to healthy brain function and has been implicated in psychiatric illness. We review normative developmental changes in dopamine, sex hormone, and stress hormone signaling during adolescence and throughout postnatal life, then highlight the interaction of sex and stress hormones and review their impacts on dopamine neurotransmission in the adolescent brain. Adolescence is a time of increased responsiveness to sex and stress hormones, during which the maturing dopaminergic neural circuitry is profoundly influenced by these factors. Testosterone, estrogen, and glucocorticoids interact with each other and have distinct, brain region-specific impacts on dopamine neurotransmission in the adolescent brain, shaping brain maturation and cognitive function in adolescence and adulthood. Some effects of stress/sex hormones on cortical and subcortical dopamine parameters bear similarities with dopaminergic abnormalities seen in schizophrenia, suggesting a possible role for sex/stress hormones at adolescence in influencing risk for psychiatric illness via modulation of dopamine neurotransmission. Stress and sex hormones may prove useful targets in future strategies for modifying risk for psychiatric illness.
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